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某型发动机外场服役中多次出现压气机转子叶片叶尖掉块断裂故障,通过掉块叶片表面形貌观察、断口分析、硬度检测、金相检验、多起失效件的类比分析以及叶片振动模态分析,对叶片掉块断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:所有压气机转子叶片掉块断裂模式相同,均属振动疲劳断裂掉块;叶片在发动机工作转速范围内存在高阶复合振动点,引起叶片共振是导致其振动疲劳断裂掉块的主要原因;叶片与机匣摩擦导致叶尖局部过烧或形成摩擦热应力裂纹促进了疲劳裂纹的萌生。最后针对叶片掉块断裂原因提出了相应的解决措施。
During the field service of a certain type of engine, the failure of blade tip of compressor rotor blades occurred several times during the field service. The blade surface morphology, fracture analysis, hardness test, metallographic examination, analogy analysis of many failed parts, State analysis of the cause of the rupture of the blade off the block was analyzed. The results show that all the rupture modes of the blades in the compressor rotor blade are the same, which belong to the fatigue failure rupture block. The blades have high-order complex vibration points in the working speed range of the engine, causing the blade resonance to be the main cause of the vibration rupture Friction between the blade and the casing led to over-burning of the tip or formation of frictional thermal stress cracks, which promoted the initiation of fatigue cracks. Finally, according to the cause of the blade rupture, some countermeasures are put forward.