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商品经济一词,在列宁之前很少使用,大都使用交换、物物交换、商品交换(或译为交易)、商品生产等概念。在古希腊色诺芬的著作里,实际上已开始使用商品交换这个词意,他在《经济论雅典的收入》一书中有这样一段话:“在大多数其他城市中,国外商人们必须以其某种商品交换另一种商品,因为居民所使用的货币不能出国境以外;……如果商人不愿意物物交换,他们还可以运走我们的白银,作为最好的货载;……”(第68—69页)。在这里,他已将商品交换区分为物物交换和商品与货币的交换。
The term “commodity economy” is rarely used before Lenin. Mostly it uses the concepts of exchange, exchange of barter, exchange of commodities (or translation to trade), and production of goods. In the writings of Xenophon, in ancient Greece, the word exchange of goods was in effect used. In his book Economic Income on Athens there is a passage: “In most other cities, foreign businessmen must To exchange another commodity with one of its commodities, because the money used by the inhabitants can not go outside the borders; ... they can also carry away our silver as the best stock if the merchants are unwilling to exchange things ...; ”(Pp. 68-69). Here he has divided the exchange of goods into the exchange of goods and the exchange of goods and money.