“哥伦比亚”号航天飞机试飞成功是航空航天领域中到目前为止所进行的科学技术研究与发展工作的顶峰。1981年的两次飞行不仅证明了航天飞机的飞行价值,而且也证明了航天飞机可以重复使用。有人把它称为近地空间应用的一个新时代的开端。与此同时,另一个时代——美国行星探测时代—— The success of the test flight “Columbia” was the culmination of scientific and technological research and development so far carried out in the aerospace field. Two flights in 1981 not only proved the worth of the space shuttle, but also proved that the space shuttle can be reused. Some call it the beginning of a new era of near-Earth space applications. At the same time, another era - the era of the United States planet exploration -