邓演达是大革命时期的农民运动领袖之一,本文试就他的农民问题思想的渊源、基本内容和在革命斗争中的实践略加论述。一、邓演达农民问题思想的渊源二十世纪初期的中国,处在半殖民地半封建的落后状态。为了摆脱贫困落后的困境,不少革命家在理论和实践上进行了探索和尝试,但很少有能认识到中国社会贫穷落后最本质的问题是中国的封建制度。孙中山领导的辛亥革命最后失败,根本的原因就是没有把能够动摇封建统治根基的广大农民发动起来。尽管孙中山的三民主义里面有个“扶助农工”,但他在革命纲领中,土地问题不是作为解决农民问题的核心内容,而是作为一般的社会问题提出来的。“平均地权”、“耕者有其田”只是一些原则口号,并未付诸实践。 Deng Yanda was one of the leaders of the peasant movement during the Great Revolution. This paper tries to give a brief account of the origins and basic contents of his thinking on peasant issues and his practice in the revolutionary struggle. I. The Origin of Deng Yanda's Thought on Peasants In the early twentieth century, China was in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal backwardness. In order to get out of the poverty and backwardness predicament, many revolutionaries have conducted explorations and attempts in theory and practice. However, few have ever realized that the most essential issue of poverty and backwardness in the Chinese society is China's feudal system. The fundamental reason for the last failure of the 1911 Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen was that it did not launch a large number of peasants who could shake the foundation of feudal rule. Despite Sun Yat-sen's “support for agriculture and industry” in the “Three Principles of the People,” in his revolutionary program, the land issue was not raised as a core issue of the peasantry issue but as a general social issue. “Average land rights” and “cultivators have their own fields” are just some of the principle slogans that have not been put into practice.