论文部分内容阅读
1. “with + 名词 + 介词短语/形容词/副词/分词(短语)”结构常用作状语,表示伴随状况,也可作后置定语修饰某一名词或代词｡例如:
He came into the classroom with a book in his hand. 他手里拿着一本书走进了教室｡
Do you know the boy with a pair of glasses on his nose? 你认识那个鼻梁上戴眼镜的男孩吗?
He looked at the picture with his eyes wide open. 他睁大眼睛看这幅画｡
I like the room with the window facing the sea. 我喜欢窗户朝海的那个房间｡
I like to sleep with the windows shut. 我喜欢关着窗子睡觉｡
2. “Why don’t you do sth?”意为“为什么不……?”,常用来表示责怪对方不做某事,或要求对方做某事,也可以用“Why not do sth?”句式表示这一意思｡例如:
Why don’t you/Why not start at once? 为什么不立即出发?
相似句式比较:
“Why do something?”意为“为什么做某事?”,用来询问对方为什么要做某事或要求对方不要做某事｡例如:
Why make the same mistake again? 为什么要犯同样的错误呢?
3. used to do sth 意为“过去常常做某事”,常表示过去的习惯动作,暗含这种动作现在已经终止｡例如:
He used to go there, didn’t/usedn’t he? 他过去常去那里,是吗?
相似结构比较:
1) be used to do 意为“被用来做……”, to 为不定式符号｡例如:
This room is used to be a reading-room. 这间房子用作阅览室｡
2) be used to(doing) something 意为“习惯于(做)……”, to 为介词｡例如:
I’m used to getting up and going to bed early. 我习惯于早睡早起｡
Are you used to the weather here? 你习惯这儿的气候吗?
3) be used for 意为“用于……”, for 为介词,表示使用目的,后面常接动名词(短语)｡例如:
This machine can be used for producing electricity. 这台机器可以用来发电｡
4) be used as 意为“用作……”｡例如:
The house can be used as a store house. 这个房子可用作仓库｡
4. “Here you are.”意为“在这儿,给你”｡这是在购物时售货员常说的话,被购商品可为单数,也可为复数｡例如:
—Do you have shoes like this? 你们有这种型号的鞋子吗?
—Here you are. 在这儿,给你｡
—I want to buy a black pen. 我想买一支黑钢笔｡
—Here you are. 在这儿,给你｡
相似句式比较:
1) “Here it is.”意为“在这儿,给你”｡被购商品常为单数｡例如:
—Is there a pencil-box here? 这儿卖铅笔盒吗?
—Here it is. 在这儿,给你｡
2) “Here we/they are/he/she is/I am”意为“我们/他们/他/她/我到了”｡例如:
—Has Li Ping arrived? 李平到了吗?
—Here I’m. 我来了｡
5. “no matter how/what/when/where...”意为“无论如何/什么/什么时候/哪儿……”,在句子中引导让步状语从句｡例如:
No matter where I go, I’ll not forget you. 无论我到哪里,我都不会忘了你｡
No matter what you do, you should do it well. 无论你做什么,你都应该做好｡
No matter when you come here, you should come to see me. 无论你什么时候来这儿,都要来看我｡
6. “What is... like?”意为“……怎么样?”,常用来询问某人/物的性格､外表或特定情况｡例如:
—What is he like? 他长得怎么样?/他为人怎么样?
—Handsome./Kind./Handsome and kind. 漂亮./心地善良./漂亮而且心地善良｡
What is the weather like in your hometown? 你家乡的气候怎么样?
相似句式比较:
“What does... look like?”意为“……看起来怎么样?”,该句式常用来询问一个人的长像､外表｡例如:
What does she look like? 她长得怎么样?
7. be afraid of 意为“害怕”,后接名词､代词或动名词｡例如:
He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗｡
相似结构比较:
1) be afraid to do sth 意为“不敢做……”｡例如:
He is afraid to go there. 他不敢去那里｡
2) be afraid that 意为“恐怕……”｡例如:
Hurry up, I’m afraid that we will be late. 快点,恐怕我们要迟到了｡
8. “It is one’s duty to do sth”意为“做某事是某人的责任”｡ It 为形式主语,动词不定式 to do sth 为真正的主语｡例如?押
Whose duty is it to take care of the young trees? 谁负责看护这些小树?
相似句式比较:
“It is one’s turn to do sth.”意为“轮到某人做某事”｡例如:
It is your turn to clean the blackboard. 该你擦黑板了｡
9. “as + 副词原级 + as possible/as + 副词原级 + as + 主语 + can”意为“尽可能……”｡例如:
Please speak as loud as possible to make yourself heard. 请尽可能地大声讲,以便让别人听得见｡
Please try to get there as soon as you can. 请尽可能早地到那里｡
10. “leave a message(to sb)”意为“(给某人)留口信”｡例如:
If you can’t see Wei Fang, please leave her a message. 如果你见不到魏芳,请给她留个口信｡
相似结构比较:
take a message for sb 意为“替某人捎口信”｡例如:
Li Ping has gone out, can I take a message for you? 李平出去了,我可以替你捎个口信吗?
11. have a good/nice/wonderful time 意为“玩得愉快”,与 have fun 同义｡例如:
Did you have a good time at Renmin Park yesterday? 昨天你在人民公园玩得愉快吗?
12. “How do you find...?/What do you think of...?/How do you think about...?/How do you like...?”意为“你认为……怎么样?”,常用来询问对方对某人或某物的看法｡例如:
How do you find this plan? 你认为这个计划怎么样?
What do you think of/How do you think about/How do you like his suggestion? 你认为他的建议怎么样?
13. have... as.../look on/upon... as.../regard... as.../treat... as... 意为“把……看成……”｡例如:
I have you as my best friend. 我把你看成是我最好的朋友｡
They are looked on/upon as the most promising table-tennis players. 他们被认为是最有希望的乒乓球运动员｡
The American people regard Lincoln as one of the greatest presidents in history. 美国人民把林肯视作历史上最伟大的总统之一｡
14. ?穴sb?雪 feel as if... 意为“(某人)感到好像……”,用于虚拟语气中,动词常用过去式(be 动词的过去式常用 were)｡例如:
He feels as if the sky were falling. 他感到天好像在塌下来｡
She feels as if she were an expert. 她感到她自己好像是一个专家｡
相似句式比较:
It seems as if... 意为“看起来好像……”,用法与 feel as if 相同｡例如:
It seems as if he were dead. 他好像死了｡
15. be famous for 意为“因……而著名”｡强调某人或某物出名的原因, for 后面接表示某人或某物的骄人之处的名词｡例如:
As we all know, Hangzhou is famous for its West Lake. 众所周知,杭州以西湖而著称｡
相似结构比较:
be famous as 意为“作为……而出名”, as 后面接表示某人身份的名词｡例如:
He is famous as a short story writer. 作为一个短篇小说家他是很有名气的｡
16. “A is/lies in the + 方位词 + of B”意为“A位于B的……”,表示A地包含于B地之中｡例如:
China is/lies in the east of Asia. 中国位于亚洲东部｡
相似句式比较:
1) “A is/lies to the + 方位词 + of B”意为“A位于B的……”｡表示A不包含于B地之中,且A和B不接壤｡例如:
Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东边｡
2) “A is/lies on the + 方位词 + of B”意为“A位于B的……”,表示A不包含于B地之中,但A和B接壤｡例如:
Korea is/lies on the east of China. 朝鲜位于中国东边｡
17. “It is known that...”意为“众所周知……”｡句中的 It 为形式主语, that 从句为真正主语｡例如:
It is known that Taiwan is a part of China. 众所周知,台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分｡
18. help sb to do sth/help sb with sth 意为“帮助某人做某事”｡例如:
I can’t help you to learn English. 我不能帮助你学英语｡
Can you help me with my homework? 你能帮助我做家庭作业吗?
19. not all/all... not... 意为“并非所有……”,此句式表示部分否定,不能理解为“……都不……”｡例如:
Not all boys are naughty. 并非所有的男孩都调皮｡
All the girls are not interested in English. 并非所有的女孩都对英语感兴趣｡
20. “It is said that...”意为“据说……”｡例如:
It is said that he has gone to America. 据说他到美国去了｡
21. have nothing/something/much/little to do with 意为“与 ……没有/有一些/有很大/几乎没有关系”｡例如:
He has nothing to do with the matter. 他与这件事没有关系｡
22. “What’s wrong/the trouble/matter with...?”意为“……怎么啦?”,常用来询问人或物出了什么毛病｡例如:
—What’s wrong with you? 你怎么啦?
—Nothing(is wrong with me). 没什么｡
—What’s wrong with the machine? 这台机器出了什么毛病?
—The engine can’t start. 引擎发动不起来了｡
23. not... any more/longer; no more/longer... 都表示“……不再……”之意,说明动作或状态不再延续｡例如:
He is not a child any more./He is no more a child. 他不再是个小孩｡
24. “so ... that...”意为“如此……以致……”｡ that 引导结果状语从句, so 后面应接形容词或副词的原级｡例如:
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此之快以致于我赶不上他｡
相似结构比较:
“such... that...”意为“如此……以致……”, that 引导结果状语从句, such 后面应接名词｡例如:
It is such a beautiful flower that I like it very much. 这是如此美丽的一朵花以致于我很喜欢它｡
It was such fine weather that we decided to go skating. 天气是如此之好以致于我们决定去滑冰｡
25. “too... to...”意为“太……而不能……”｡ too 后面应用形容词或副词的原级, to 后面跟动词原形,该句式为肯定结构表达否定意义｡例如:
He was too excited to say a word. 他激动得一句话也说不出来｡
26. think highly/a lot/much of 意为“对……评价极高”｡例如:
He thinks much/a lot of her progress in English study. 他对她在英语学习上所取得的进步评价很高｡
27. “What do you mean by...?”意为“你……是什么意思?”例如:
What do you mean by that word? 你说那个词是什么意思?
What do you mean by saying like this? 你这样说是什么意思?
28. be based on 意为“根据,以……为依据”｡例如:
His short story is based on a real person. 他的短篇小说是以真人为原型的｡
29. can’t wait to do sth 意为“迫不及待地做某事”｡例如:
I can’t wait to see her. 我急于去看她｡
30. “That is why...”意为“这就是为什么……”｡例如:
I didn’t catch the first bus, that was why I came late. 我没有赶上头班公共汽车,这就是我迟到的原因｡
31. “How much is...?/What does... cost?/How much does... cost?/How much is... worth?/What price is...?/What’s the price of...?”意为“……多少钱?”｡例如:
How much is this bike? 这辆自行车多少钱?
32. “This is... speaking”意为“我是……”｡这是打/接电话者的自我介绍用语, This 代表I,但不可换成I, speaking 可以省去｡例如:
This is Mary(speaking). 我是玛丽｡
相似句式比较:
“Who is that(speaking)?/Is that... speaking?”意为“你是谁?”｡这是打/接电话时询问“对方是谁”的用语, that 代表 you,但不可换成 you, speaking 也可省去｡例如:
This is Tom speaking. Who is that(speaking)? 我是汤姆,你是谁?
Is that Jane(speaking)? 你是简吗?
33. be covered with 意为“覆盖着……”,为系表结构,强调状态｡例如:
The tree is covered with beautiful flowers. 树上开满了美丽的花朵｡
The ground is covered with white snow. 白雪覆盖着大地｡
相似结构比较:
be covered by 意为“被……覆盖着”,为被动结构,强调动作｡例如:
Suddenly, the top of the mountain was covered by dark clouds. 突然山顶被乌云笼罩住｡
34. “the + 比较级,the + 比较级” 意为“越……越……”｡例如:
The more the teacher teaches, the more we understand. 老师讲得越多,我们就懂得越多｡
The higher, the colder. 海拔越高,气温越低｡
35. be short for... 意为“是……的缩略”｡例如:
Doc is short for doctor. doc 是 doctor 的缩略｡
相似结构比较:
be short of... 意为“缺少……”｡例如:
I’m short of money. 我缺钱花｡
36. prefer to do... rather than do... 意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”｡例如:
We prefer to stand to die rather than kneel to live. 我们宁愿站着死而不愿意跪着生｡
37. be busy doing sth/be busy with sth 意为“忙于做某事”｡例如:
Don’t interrupt me; I’m busy writing letters. 别打扰我,我正忙着写信｡
Let him alone, he is busy with his diary. 别管他,他正忙着写日记｡
He came into the classroom with a book in his hand. 他手里拿着一本书走进了教室｡
Do you know the boy with a pair of glasses on his nose? 你认识那个鼻梁上戴眼镜的男孩吗?
He looked at the picture with his eyes wide open. 他睁大眼睛看这幅画｡
I like the room with the window facing the sea. 我喜欢窗户朝海的那个房间｡
I like to sleep with the windows shut. 我喜欢关着窗子睡觉｡
2. “Why don’t you do sth?”意为“为什么不……?”,常用来表示责怪对方不做某事,或要求对方做某事,也可以用“Why not do sth?”句式表示这一意思｡例如:
Why don’t you/Why not start at once? 为什么不立即出发?
相似句式比较:
“Why do something?”意为“为什么做某事?”,用来询问对方为什么要做某事或要求对方不要做某事｡例如:
Why make the same mistake again? 为什么要犯同样的错误呢?
3. used to do sth 意为“过去常常做某事”,常表示过去的习惯动作,暗含这种动作现在已经终止｡例如:
He used to go there, didn’t/usedn’t he? 他过去常去那里,是吗?
相似结构比较:
1) be used to do 意为“被用来做……”, to 为不定式符号｡例如:
This room is used to be a reading-room. 这间房子用作阅览室｡
2) be used to(doing) something 意为“习惯于(做)……”, to 为介词｡例如:
I’m used to getting up and going to bed early. 我习惯于早睡早起｡
Are you used to the weather here? 你习惯这儿的气候吗?
3) be used for 意为“用于……”, for 为介词,表示使用目的,后面常接动名词(短语)｡例如:
This machine can be used for producing electricity. 这台机器可以用来发电｡
4) be used as 意为“用作……”｡例如:
The house can be used as a store house. 这个房子可用作仓库｡
4. “Here you are.”意为“在这儿,给你”｡这是在购物时售货员常说的话,被购商品可为单数,也可为复数｡例如:
—Do you have shoes like this? 你们有这种型号的鞋子吗?
—Here you are. 在这儿,给你｡
—I want to buy a black pen. 我想买一支黑钢笔｡
—Here you are. 在这儿,给你｡
相似句式比较:
1) “Here it is.”意为“在这儿,给你”｡被购商品常为单数｡例如:
—Is there a pencil-box here? 这儿卖铅笔盒吗?
—Here it is. 在这儿,给你｡
2) “Here we/they are/he/she is/I am”意为“我们/他们/他/她/我到了”｡例如:
—Has Li Ping arrived? 李平到了吗?
—Here I’m. 我来了｡
5. “no matter how/what/when/where...”意为“无论如何/什么/什么时候/哪儿……”,在句子中引导让步状语从句｡例如:
No matter where I go, I’ll not forget you. 无论我到哪里,我都不会忘了你｡
No matter what you do, you should do it well. 无论你做什么,你都应该做好｡
No matter when you come here, you should come to see me. 无论你什么时候来这儿,都要来看我｡
6. “What is... like?”意为“……怎么样?”,常用来询问某人/物的性格､外表或特定情况｡例如:
—What is he like? 他长得怎么样?/他为人怎么样?
—Handsome./Kind./Handsome and kind. 漂亮./心地善良./漂亮而且心地善良｡
What is the weather like in your hometown? 你家乡的气候怎么样?
相似句式比较:
“What does... look like?”意为“……看起来怎么样?”,该句式常用来询问一个人的长像､外表｡例如:
What does she look like? 她长得怎么样?
7. be afraid of 意为“害怕”,后接名词､代词或动名词｡例如:
He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗｡
相似结构比较:
1) be afraid to do sth 意为“不敢做……”｡例如:
He is afraid to go there. 他不敢去那里｡
2) be afraid that 意为“恐怕……”｡例如:
Hurry up, I’m afraid that we will be late. 快点,恐怕我们要迟到了｡
8. “It is one’s duty to do sth”意为“做某事是某人的责任”｡ It 为形式主语,动词不定式 to do sth 为真正的主语｡例如?押
Whose duty is it to take care of the young trees? 谁负责看护这些小树?
相似句式比较:
“It is one’s turn to do sth.”意为“轮到某人做某事”｡例如:
It is your turn to clean the blackboard. 该你擦黑板了｡
9. “as + 副词原级 + as possible/as + 副词原级 + as + 主语 + can”意为“尽可能……”｡例如:
Please speak as loud as possible to make yourself heard. 请尽可能地大声讲,以便让别人听得见｡
Please try to get there as soon as you can. 请尽可能早地到那里｡
10. “leave a message(to sb)”意为“(给某人)留口信”｡例如:
If you can’t see Wei Fang, please leave her a message. 如果你见不到魏芳,请给她留个口信｡
相似结构比较:
take a message for sb 意为“替某人捎口信”｡例如:
Li Ping has gone out, can I take a message for you? 李平出去了,我可以替你捎个口信吗?
11. have a good/nice/wonderful time 意为“玩得愉快”,与 have fun 同义｡例如:
Did you have a good time at Renmin Park yesterday? 昨天你在人民公园玩得愉快吗?
12. “How do you find...?/What do you think of...?/How do you think about...?/How do you like...?”意为“你认为……怎么样?”,常用来询问对方对某人或某物的看法｡例如:
How do you find this plan? 你认为这个计划怎么样?
What do you think of/How do you think about/How do you like his suggestion? 你认为他的建议怎么样?
13. have... as.../look on/upon... as.../regard... as.../treat... as... 意为“把……看成……”｡例如:
I have you as my best friend. 我把你看成是我最好的朋友｡
They are looked on/upon as the most promising table-tennis players. 他们被认为是最有希望的乒乓球运动员｡
The American people regard Lincoln as one of the greatest presidents in history. 美国人民把林肯视作历史上最伟大的总统之一｡
14. ?穴sb?雪 feel as if... 意为“(某人)感到好像……”,用于虚拟语气中,动词常用过去式(be 动词的过去式常用 were)｡例如:
He feels as if the sky were falling. 他感到天好像在塌下来｡
She feels as if she were an expert. 她感到她自己好像是一个专家｡
相似句式比较:
It seems as if... 意为“看起来好像……”,用法与 feel as if 相同｡例如:
It seems as if he were dead. 他好像死了｡
15. be famous for 意为“因……而著名”｡强调某人或某物出名的原因, for 后面接表示某人或某物的骄人之处的名词｡例如:
As we all know, Hangzhou is famous for its West Lake. 众所周知,杭州以西湖而著称｡
相似结构比较:
be famous as 意为“作为……而出名”, as 后面接表示某人身份的名词｡例如:
He is famous as a short story writer. 作为一个短篇小说家他是很有名气的｡
16. “A is/lies in the + 方位词 + of B”意为“A位于B的……”,表示A地包含于B地之中｡例如:
China is/lies in the east of Asia. 中国位于亚洲东部｡
相似句式比较:
1) “A is/lies to the + 方位词 + of B”意为“A位于B的……”｡表示A不包含于B地之中,且A和B不接壤｡例如:
Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东边｡
2) “A is/lies on the + 方位词 + of B”意为“A位于B的……”,表示A不包含于B地之中,但A和B接壤｡例如:
Korea is/lies on the east of China. 朝鲜位于中国东边｡
17. “It is known that...”意为“众所周知……”｡句中的 It 为形式主语, that 从句为真正主语｡例如:
It is known that Taiwan is a part of China. 众所周知,台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分｡
18. help sb to do sth/help sb with sth 意为“帮助某人做某事”｡例如:
I can’t help you to learn English. 我不能帮助你学英语｡
Can you help me with my homework? 你能帮助我做家庭作业吗?
19. not all/all... not... 意为“并非所有……”,此句式表示部分否定,不能理解为“……都不……”｡例如:
Not all boys are naughty. 并非所有的男孩都调皮｡
All the girls are not interested in English. 并非所有的女孩都对英语感兴趣｡
20. “It is said that...”意为“据说……”｡例如:
It is said that he has gone to America. 据说他到美国去了｡
21. have nothing/something/much/little to do with 意为“与 ……没有/有一些/有很大/几乎没有关系”｡例如:
He has nothing to do with the matter. 他与这件事没有关系｡
22. “What’s wrong/the trouble/matter with...?”意为“……怎么啦?”,常用来询问人或物出了什么毛病｡例如:
—What’s wrong with you? 你怎么啦?
—Nothing(is wrong with me). 没什么｡
—What’s wrong with the machine? 这台机器出了什么毛病?
—The engine can’t start. 引擎发动不起来了｡
23. not... any more/longer; no more/longer... 都表示“……不再……”之意,说明动作或状态不再延续｡例如:
He is not a child any more./He is no more a child. 他不再是个小孩｡
24. “so ... that...”意为“如此……以致……”｡ that 引导结果状语从句, so 后面应接形容词或副词的原级｡例如:
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此之快以致于我赶不上他｡
相似结构比较:
“such... that...”意为“如此……以致……”, that 引导结果状语从句, such 后面应接名词｡例如:
It is such a beautiful flower that I like it very much. 这是如此美丽的一朵花以致于我很喜欢它｡
It was such fine weather that we decided to go skating. 天气是如此之好以致于我们决定去滑冰｡
25. “too... to...”意为“太……而不能……”｡ too 后面应用形容词或副词的原级, to 后面跟动词原形,该句式为肯定结构表达否定意义｡例如:
He was too excited to say a word. 他激动得一句话也说不出来｡
26. think highly/a lot/much of 意为“对……评价极高”｡例如:
He thinks much/a lot of her progress in English study. 他对她在英语学习上所取得的进步评价很高｡
27. “What do you mean by...?”意为“你……是什么意思?”例如:
What do you mean by that word? 你说那个词是什么意思?
What do you mean by saying like this? 你这样说是什么意思?
28. be based on 意为“根据,以……为依据”｡例如:
His short story is based on a real person. 他的短篇小说是以真人为原型的｡
29. can’t wait to do sth 意为“迫不及待地做某事”｡例如:
I can’t wait to see her. 我急于去看她｡
30. “That is why...”意为“这就是为什么……”｡例如:
I didn’t catch the first bus, that was why I came late. 我没有赶上头班公共汽车,这就是我迟到的原因｡
31. “How much is...?/What does... cost?/How much does... cost?/How much is... worth?/What price is...?/What’s the price of...?”意为“……多少钱?”｡例如:
How much is this bike? 这辆自行车多少钱?
32. “This is... speaking”意为“我是……”｡这是打/接电话者的自我介绍用语, This 代表I,但不可换成I, speaking 可以省去｡例如:
This is Mary(speaking). 我是玛丽｡
相似句式比较:
“Who is that(speaking)?/Is that... speaking?”意为“你是谁?”｡这是打/接电话时询问“对方是谁”的用语, that 代表 you,但不可换成 you, speaking 也可省去｡例如:
This is Tom speaking. Who is that(speaking)? 我是汤姆,你是谁?
Is that Jane(speaking)? 你是简吗?
33. be covered with 意为“覆盖着……”,为系表结构,强调状态｡例如:
The tree is covered with beautiful flowers. 树上开满了美丽的花朵｡
The ground is covered with white snow. 白雪覆盖着大地｡
相似结构比较:
be covered by 意为“被……覆盖着”,为被动结构,强调动作｡例如:
Suddenly, the top of the mountain was covered by dark clouds. 突然山顶被乌云笼罩住｡
34. “the + 比较级,the + 比较级” 意为“越……越……”｡例如:
The more the teacher teaches, the more we understand. 老师讲得越多,我们就懂得越多｡
The higher, the colder. 海拔越高,气温越低｡
35. be short for... 意为“是……的缩略”｡例如:
Doc is short for doctor. doc 是 doctor 的缩略｡
相似结构比较:
be short of... 意为“缺少……”｡例如:
I’m short of money. 我缺钱花｡
36. prefer to do... rather than do... 意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”｡例如:
We prefer to stand to die rather than kneel to live. 我们宁愿站着死而不愿意跪着生｡
37. be busy doing sth/be busy with sth 意为“忙于做某事”｡例如:
Don’t interrupt me; I’m busy writing letters. 别打扰我,我正忙着写信｡
Let him alone, he is busy with his diary. 别管他,他正忙着写日记｡