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非编码短序列RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类长度约为21~22个核苷酸的短序列、非编码、具有调控作用的单链RNA分子,可以在转录水平后调控mRNA的表达。作为一个重要的基因调节因子,miRNA在肿瘤中发挥癌基因或抑癌基因样作用,与肿瘤癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、转移、耐药等机制密切相关。卵巢癌是严重威胁女性健康的常见恶性肿瘤之一,在女性肿瘤中病死率居第5位,因病灶隐匿,不易早期发现,故发现时多为晚期,5年生存率低。随着miRNA在肿瘤中的深入研究,miRNA在卵巢癌中存在差异表达,其与卵巢癌的作用日渐明朗,有望成为新一代敏感的肿瘤标志物,并通过对其靶基因的研究,最终达到早期诊断及提高卵巢癌治疗效果的目的。
Non-coding short-length RNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding and regulatable single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 to 22 nucleotides in length that regulate mRNA expression at the transcriptional level. As an important gene regulatory factor, miRNA plays an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene-like role in cancer and is closely related to the mechanism of proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and drug resistance of cancer cells. Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors which threaten the health of women. In the case of ovarian cancer, the case fatality rate ranks the 5th. Because of the occult lesions, it is not easy to detect early. Therefore, it is mostly late stage and low 5 year survival rate. With the further study of miRNAs in tumors, miRNAs are differentially expressed in ovarian cancer and their role in ovarian cancer is increasingly clear. It is expected to become a new generation of sensitive tumor markers and finally reach the early stage through the study of their target genes Diagnosis and improve the therapeutic effect of ovarian cancer purposes.