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目的了解荆州市法定传染病的发病趋势和流行特征,为全市传染病预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对荆州市2005~2014年法定传染病的发病趋势和流行特征进行分析。结果荆州市2005~2014年报告法定传染病29种,发病296 721例,平均发病率503.48/10万,平均死亡率0.57/10万,发病率在2012年(715.18/10万)达到峰值后呈下降趋势。发病高峰月为4~6月(48.11/10万~50.55/10万)。男性发病率607.59/10万,女性发病率349.75/10万(P<0.01),0~4岁组最高(1 748.98/10万),职业以农民(占41.78%)和散居儿童(占16.68%)为主。传染病分类构成以血源及性传播传染病(占34.14%)、肠道传染病(占31.27%)、呼吸道传染病(占25.31%)为主。累计发病数居前6位病种为:乙型肝炎(82 183例)、肺结核(56 224例)、其他感染性腹泻病(41 563例)、手足口病(33334例),血吸虫病(26 165例)、梅毒(11 384例)。结论荆州市成人发病以乙型肝炎、肺结核、血吸虫病、梅毒等慢性传染病为主,低年龄组发病以手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病等急性传染病为主。
Objective To understand the trend and epidemic characteristics of legal infectious diseases in Jingzhou and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the city. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of legal notifiable diseases in Jingzhou from 2005 to 2014. Results From 2005 to 2014, Jingzhou City reported 29 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases with 296 721 cases, with an average incidence of 503.48 / 100,000 and a mean death rate of 0.57 / 100000. The incidence rate reached a peak in 2012 (715.18 / 100000) Downtrend. Peak incidence of 4 to 6 months (48.11 / 100,000 to 50.55 / 100,000). The incidence of males was 607.59 / lakh and the incidence rate of females was 349.75 / lakh (P <0.01). The highest incidence was found in 0-4 years old groups (1748.98 / lakh), and peasants (41.78%) and scattered children ) Based. The classification of infectious diseases constituted mainly blood and sexually transmitted diseases (34.14%), intestinal infectious diseases (31.27%) and respiratory infectious diseases (25.31%). The top 6 cumulative incidences were hepatitis B (82 183), tuberculosis (56 224), other infectious diarrhea (41 563), hand foot and mouth disease (33 334), schistosomiasis 165 cases), syphilis (11 384 cases). Conclusion The incidence of chronic infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis and syphilis in adults in Jingzhou City is the main. The incidence of HFMD in younger age group is mainly acute and infectious diseases such as hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea.