水是人类赖以生存和社会生产不可缺少的资源。但是随着人口增长和工农业生产的发展,世界上出现了称之为“水荒”的缺水危机,几十个国家严重缺水,发展中国家有十几亿人苦于淡水不足,每年有几十万人死亡,而淡水供求的矛盾还在日趋严重。因此,海水淡化越来越引起海岸国家的兴趣和重视,成为开发水资源的重要途径之一。 目前,海水淡化的方法主要有蒸馏、反渗透和电渗析三种,其中,蒸馏和反渗透是当今世界最有代表性的海水淡化方法。虽然应用这两种方法的地区发展很不平衡,但其发展速度 Water is an indispensable resource for human survival and social production. However, with the growth of population and the development of industry and agriculture, the world has witnessed a water scarcity crisis called “water scarcity.” Tens of countries are suffering from serious water shortages. More than a billion people in developing countries suffer from low fresh water every year. One hundred thousand people died, while the contradiction between freshwater supply and demand is still getting worse. Therefore, seawater desalination is increasingly attracting the interest and attention of the coastal countries and becoming one of the important ways to develop water resources. Currently, desalination methods mainly include distillation, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. Among them, distillation and reverse osmosis are the most representative desalination methods in the world. Although the regional development using these two methods is unevenly developed, its rate of development has risen