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目的了解在校大学生主要的浅部感染真菌类型、治疗情况及危险因素,为浅部感染真菌病临床预防和治疗提供一定的实验依据。方法设计调查表并进行预调查,进一步修改完善调查表,对唐山市某高校2 038名在校大学生统一进行现场调查,使用SPSS 19.0软件对调查结果进行统计分析;结合调查结果目测观察选取其中可疑者,常规显微镜下检查,镜检阳性者将标本进一步培养,观察菌落形态特征及孢子和菌丝的类型,将分离出的菌种进行相关的生化试验和基因型的鉴定。结果男女之间足癣、甲癣、股癣患病率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);男女之间头癣、手癣、汗斑差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。临床医学生和非临床医学生之间足癣患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);临床医学生和非临床医学生之间头癣、手癣、甲癣、股癣、汗斑差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。从调查数据来看,足癣患病数最多,再次是手癣,股癣最低。该校大学生浅部感染真菌初步鉴定共有6种,以红色毛癣菌为主。结论大学生浅部真菌病患病率较高,尤以足癣患病率最高;大学生对浅部感染真菌的基本知识及预防治疗认知不足,应加强此方面知识的传授,以减少浅部真菌感染的可能性。
Objective To understand the fungal types, treatment and risk factors of major superficial infections in college students and to provide some experimental evidences for clinical prevention and treatment of superficial fungal diseases. Methods The questionnaire was designed and pre-surveyed, and the survey was further revised and perfected. A total of 2 038 undergraduates in a certain university in Tangshan City were investigated on site. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the survey results. Based on the survey results, Those who underwent regular microscopic examination and those who were positive for microscopic examination were further cultured to observe the characteristics of colonies and the types of spores and hyphae. The isolated strains were subjected to biochemical tests and genotyping. Results The prevalence rates of tinea pedis, onychomycosis and tinea crus between men and women were statistically significant (all P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the rates of tinea capitis, tinea pedis and perspiration between men and women (all P> 0.05) . The prevalence of tinea pedis was significantly different between clinicians and non-clinicians (P <0.05). The differences of tinea capitis, tinea capitis, onychomycosis, tinea corporis, and sweat spots among clinicians and non-clinicians No statistical significance (P> 0.05). From the survey data, the largest number of tinea pedis, once again ringworm, jock itch lowest. The university students shallow primary fungal infection identified a total of 6 species, mainly Trichophyton rubrum. Conclusions The prevalence of superficial mycosis in college students is high, especially in tinea pedis. The prevalence of undergraduate trisomy was the highest among undergraduates. The undergraduates’ knowledge of prevention and treatment of superficial fungi and their lack of knowledge should be strengthened. The possibility of infection.