冷战以苏联解体、苏共垮台的方式结束,引起人们对一个理论问题的思考,即社会主义国家的发展道路问题。苏联和东欧国家的社会制度转型问题,一时间成为学术界的热们话题。苏联是第一个以马克思列宁主义的社会发展理论为指导建立的社会主义国家,但是在第二次世界大战结束前,世界上只有苏联一个社会主义国家, The Cold War ended with the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the fall of the Soviet Communist Party. It caused people to ponder on a theoretical issue, that is, the road of development of the socialist countries. The transformation of the social system in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries became a hot topic in academia for a time. The Soviet Union was the first socialist country established under the guidance of Marxism-Leninism’s theory of social development. However, before the end of World War II, there was only one socialist country in the world,