哥伦比亚是拉丁美洲较早地参加国际分工,向国际市场出口初级农产品的国家。从19世纪中期起,烟草、金鸡纳霜、靛青和棉花等农产品,先后是国家的主要出口产品。19世纪末,咖啡逐渐发展为哥伦比亚的主要出口产品和国家的经济支柱。从20世纪30年代起,咖啡出口占国家出口总收入的50％以上,之后经常保持在70％以上。哥伦比亚成为咖啡单一生产和出口国。战后,随着进口替代工业化的实施,工业发展给国家带来新的活力。哥伦比亚政府逐渐认识到农业落后的严重性,制订了农村经济发展多样化的方针。特别是近30年来,为了适应工业发展的需要,政府积极调整农村产业结构,大力发展农村经济的多样化经营,并取得显著成绩。农村经济多样化发展对国家走出80年代初的国际收支困境,实现国内稳定起了重要 Colombia is a country in Latin America that earlier took part in the international division of labor and exported primary agricultural products to international markets. Since the mid-19th century, agricultural products such as tobacco, cinchona, indigo and cotton have been the country’s major export products. At the end of the 19th century, coffee gradually developed into the main export product of Colombia and the country’s economic pillar. Since the 1930s, coffee exports have accounted for more than 50% of the total national export revenue, and often have remained above 70% since then. Colombia became a single producer and exporter of coffee. After the war, with the implementation of import substitution and industrialization, industrial development brought new vitality to the country. The Colombian government has gradually realized the seriousness of the backward agriculture and formulated the principle of diversifying rural economic development. Especially in the past 30 years, in order to meet the needs of industrial development, the government has actively adjusted its industrial structure in rural areas, vigorously developed the diversified economy in rural areas and achieved remarkable successes. The diversification of rural economy has played an important role in bringing the country out of the pockets of the balance of payments in the early 1980s and achieving domestic stability