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目的分析广东省2008年狂犬病病例个案特点及犬伤人群发病的相关因素,以期为狂犬病防治工作提供科学依据。方法收集2008年广东省狂犬病病例个案资料及犬伤暴露者资料,用描述性统计学方法分析流行特点,用回顾性队列研究方法分析狂犬病发病的危险因素。结果2008年广东省共报告狂犬病319例,21个地级市共有18个地市报告病例,95%的病例发生在农村人口中,仅5%的病例发生在城镇人口中。男、女性年均发病率分别为0.45/10万和0.22/10万,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。狂犬病病例以15岁以下低年龄组和40岁以上高年龄组为多,但发病率以50岁以上年龄组为高。个案信息完整的314例病例中未进行伤口处理、疫苗接种和注射免疫球蛋白的比例分别为56.9%、91.7%和97.8%。52.35%的病例职业为农民。对犬伤人群队列研究分析结果显示狂犬病发病与性别、年龄、伤口部位、受伤程度、伤人动物、伤口处理和接种疫苗相关。结论犬伤人群伤口处理不规范、没有进行免疫接种或未按要求全程接种是造成狂犬病发病的危险因素,今后要加强伤口处理的规范性,提高犬伤人群的伤口处理率和免疫接种率。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of cases of rabies in Guangdong in 2008 and the related factors of the incidence of canine disability in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of rabies. Methods The data of rabies cases in Guangdong province in 2008 and the data of dogs exposed to dogs were collected. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the risk factors of rabies were analyzed by retrospective cohort study. Results A total of 319 cases of rabies were reported in Guangdong Province in 2008, and 18 prefecture-level cities reported the cases in 21 prefecture-level cities. 95% of the cases were reported in the rural population and only 5% of the cases occurred in the urban population. The average annual incidence rates of male and female were 0.45 / 100,000 and 0.22 / 100,000, respectively, with significant differences (P <0.01). The number of rabies cases in the low-age group of 15 years and over the age of 40 and over, but the incidence was higher than 50 years of age. The complete case of 314 cases without wound treatment, vaccination and injection of immunoglobulin were 56.9%, 91.7% and 97.8%. 52.35% of cases occupations as farmers. Analysis of the canine cohort The results of the study showed that the incidence of rabies was associated with gender, age, site of the wound, degree of injury, wounding animals, wound management and vaccination. Conclusions Irregular wounds were treated in dogs with canine injuries. Vaccination or vaccination without complete vaccination was the risk factor for the development of rabies. In the future, we should strengthen the normative treatment of wounds and improve the rate of wound healing and vaccination in dogs with wounds.