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国有制企业,在国际惯例中一般是指由国家的中央政府或联邦政府投资或参与控制的企业。在我国,国有企业还包括由地方政府投资参与控制的企业。从这个角度来看,国有企业很大程度上是政府的意志、利益和决策的产物。正因如此,国有企业相较于外资企业、民营企业和混合所有制企业,由于股东构成的差异,致使利益相关方不同,所以选人、用人、留人机制方面也存在极大的迥异。
State-owned enterprises, in international practice, generally refer to companies that are controlled or controlled by the national central government or the federal government. In China, state-owned enterprises also include enterprises controlled by local government investment. From this perspective, state-owned enterprises are largely the product of the will, interests, and decisions of the government. Because of this, compared with foreign-funded enterprises, private enterprises, and mixed-ownership enterprises, state-owned enterprises have different stakeholders because of differences in the composition of their shareholders. Therefore, there are also great differences in the mechanisms for selecting, employing, and retaining people.