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易卜生晚期戏剧凝聚了极为深邃的生态智慧和非常深远的人学关怀。从哲学、宗教的视角来看,易卜生晚期戏剧中的生态智慧主要体现在:(1)人的精神生态与其所处的自然生态、社会生态密切相关,三者互相影响,互相制约;(2)宇宙中存在一种神秘的力量,它可能是位格性的上帝,也可能是无所不在、潜隐不现的宇宙秩序,暗中规约着地面上发生的一切,并由此成为地球生态系统的重要一极;(3)在天、地、人、神的四重整体中,人固然可以不断扩展自我,但必须依循天道,任何通过牺牲自然、压制或损害他人而得来的成就都是虚幻不实的,是迟早会被“取消”的;(4)诗歌、哲学和宗教将融合在一起,构成一个新的范畴和新的生命力;人类对此需要有所领悟,并形成一种生态神学世界观,才可能为自己赢获一个乐观的未来。
Ibsen’s late drama brings together extremely profound ecological wisdom and profound humanistic care. From the philosophical and religious perspectives, Ibsen’s ecological wisdom in his late plays mainly manifests in: (1) the spiritual ecology of a person is closely related to the natural ecology and social ecology in which he lives, and the three influence and restrict each other; 2) There is a mysterious power in the universe, which may be a God of character, or a omnipresent and hidden cosmic order, which implicitly dictates everything that happens on the ground and thus becomes the Earth’s ecosystem (3) In the quadruplets of heaven, earth, man, and God, one can continually expand oneself, but one must follow God’s will. Any achievements made by sacrificing nature, repressing, or injuring others are unreal False, sooner or later will be “canceled”; (4) poetry, philosophy and religion will be together to form a new category and new vitality; mankind need to have some insight and form a Ecological theological world outlook, it is possible to gain an optimistic future for yourself.