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现代汉语中,“走狗”、“喽罗”、“爪牙”都是贬义词。走狗,比喻受人豢养而帮助作恶的人;喽罗,比喻追随恶人的人;爪牙,比喻坏人的党羽。然而在古汉语中,这三个词都不含贬义。走狗,原指猎犬。《国策·齐策四》:“也无东郭俊、卢氏之狗,王之走狗已具矣。”后用以比喻为人出力者。如《史记·越王勾践世家》:“狡兔死,走狗烹。”又用以比喻甘愿做他人门生。在我国文艺史上,有两位自称是别人“走狗”的艺术大师:一个是清代画家郑板桥,一个是现代画家齐白石。郑板桥是清代“扬州八怪”之一,名燮。他曾给自己刻过一枚“徐青藤门下走狗郑燮”的图章。徐青藤即徐渭,是我国明代著名的诗画大家。郑板桥悉心研究、刻意揣摩他的艺术所长,甘心作他门下的“走狗”。
In modern Chinese, “walking dog”, “Jialuo” and “minions” are derogatory terms. To walk a dog is a metaphor for a person who is supported by a person who helps to commit wickedness. A valiant person who metaphorically follows a wicked person. A minioner is a metaphor for a villain who is a villain. However, in ancient Chinese, these three words do not contain derogatory meaning. Walking dog, originally referring to hounds. “National policy Qiqi four”: “There is no Dong Guojun, Lushi’s dog, the king’s stooges have been guilty.” Later used as a metaphor for people. Such as “Historical Records of the King Yue Yue family”: “Rabbit died, walking dogs cooking.” Also used metaphor to be willing to do other students. In the history of Chinese literature and art, there are two art masters who claim to be others “walking dogs”: one is the Qing Dynasty painter Zheng Banqiao and the other is the modern painter Qi Baishi. Zheng Banqiao was one of the “Eight Boggles in Yangzhou” in the Qing Dynasty. He once engraved himself with a stamp of “Zheng Xuan’s stooge under the door of Xu Qingteng.” Xu Qingteng is Xu Wei, a famous poetry and painting artist in China’s Ming Dynasty. Zheng Banqiao carefully studied and deliberately tried to figure out his artistic director, willing to be his “walking dog” under the door.