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A new method of measuring the icing thickness of transmission lines on-line is proposed in this paper. In this method, the pictures of transmission lines which are photoed by the camera on the iron tower are processed immediately to extract the edges of the transmission line conductor and transmission line insulators. The icing thickness can be gained by comparing the edges of the iced transmission line and the uniced one. Two icing image edge extraction methods are described in detail, that is, a method based on the combination of the wavelet transform and the floating threshold method and a method based on the combination of the optimal threshold method and the mathematical morphology transform. The icing images from the artificial climatic chamber and transmission lines are used to test the methods above. The results show that the method based on the wavelet transform and the floating threshold method does well in the extraction of relatively smooth edges, such as glaze icing on conductor and icing on the insulator;meanwhile, the method based on the optimal threshold method and the mathematical morphology transform does well in the edge extraction of icing on the conductor, especially the opaque rime icing on the conductor with complicated edges.