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结构主义是二十世纪六十年代西方兴起的一种影响广泛的思潮,在语言学、符号学、文学理论、美学、社会及自然史、哲学人类学、精神分析学、格式塔心理学等等中都具有着结构主义的理论。同时,结构主义也体现在各种不同的哲学中,因之而出现了如结构主义的马克思主义、结构主义的存在主义、现象学的结构主义等等。但结构主义并不能作为一种独特的形而上学体系或某种意识形态而存在,它更多地体现为一种方法而贯穿于广泛的领域。因此,把结构主义设想为一种统一的哲学派别或意识形态,无疑是错误的。
Structuralism is a wide-ranging trend of thought that emerged in the West in the 1960s in the fields of linguistics, semiotics, literary theory, aesthetics, social and natural history, philosophical anthropology, psychoanalysis, Gestalt psychology, etc. In all have the theory of structuralism. At the same time, structuralism is also reflected in a variety of different philosophy, and thus emerged as structuralist Marxism, structuralist existentialism, phenomenological structuralism and so on. However, structuralism does not exist as a unique metaphysical system or some kind of ideology. It embodies more as a method and runs through a wide range of fields. Therefore, it is wrong to think of structuralism as a unified philosophical school or ideology.