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空间碎片的持续增加已严重威胁人类航天活动的安全。为了规避空间碎片对在轨航天器的威胁,需要通过观测获取空间碎片与航天器的位置等信息进行碰撞预警,为航天器采取规避措施提供参考。地基光电望远镜在高轨空间碎片观测方面有绝对优势,根据探测信噪比公式,计算望远镜最小可探测空间碎片的尺寸,并通过观测实验对尺寸计算公式进行验证,分析设备探测能力的影响因素,对两种观测模式下设备探测地球静止轨道空间碎片的能力进行分析,得到口径和曝光时间对探测能力影响的定量关系,可以为观测空间碎片设备建设等提供参考。
The continuing increase in space debris has posed a serious threat to the safety of human space activities. In order to avoid the threat of space debris on orbiting spacecraft, it is necessary to make early warning of collision by acquiring information such as space debris and the position of spacecraft and provide reference for avoiding the spacecraft. The ground-based photoelectric telescope has an absolute superiority in the observation of orbital debris in high altitude. According to the detection signal-noise ratio formula, the size of the smallest detectable space debris in the telescope is calculated. The size calculation formula is verified through observation experiments, and the influencing factors of the detection capability of the equipment are analyzed. The ability of the equipment to detect the space debris of the geostationary orbit in the two observation modes is analyzed, and the quantitative relationship between the aperture and the exposure time on the detection capability is obtained, which can provide reference for the observation of the space debris equipment construction.