论文部分内容阅读
头屯河位于天山北麓,乌鲁木齐市以西,是乌鲁木齐市与昌吉县的界河,属于山溪性河流。多年平均年径流量为2.4亿立米,洪枯流量及年变差都很大,6～8月河道水量占全年水量的75～80%。河床坡度大,出山口段平均坡度为1/50～1/70。水流含砂量随季节而变:冬季河水清彻见底,含砂量很少;6～8月洪水季节来砂量占全年的75～90%;7月份含砂量占全年的50%左右。1963年实测河道月平均最大含砂量为8.36公斤/立米。引水枢纽处河床推移质颗粒较粗,多为卵石和顽石,最大粒径30～40厘米,大于6毫米粒径的推移质重量百分比为75%。头屯河两岸可耕地约100万亩,其中西岸70万亩。两岸灌区现有灌溉面积共45万亩。随着农业的发展,自治区决定头屯河第一期工程先修建永久性的渠首及干渠防渗工程。结合渠首处的地形地质情况及引水比大的特点,头屯河渠首决定采用底栏栅形式。该渠首是新疆引水流量(Q=30秒立米)最大的底栏栅渠首,于1964年春建成,迄今已运用18年,运行情况基本良好。现将头屯河底栏栅式渠首的设计、运行及存在问题简述如下:
Toutun River is located in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains, west of Urumqi, Urumqi and Changji County is the boundary river, belonging to the stream Creek. The average annual runoff of many years is 240 million cubic meters, flood discharge and annual variation are very large, from June to August the amount of river water accounted for 75 to 80% of the annual water. Riverbed gradient, the average slope of the exit section of 1/50 ~ 1/70. The amount of sediment in the water flow varies with the seasons: in winter, the water of the river is clear and bottomless with little amount of sand; in the flood season from June to August, the amount of sand taken up accounts for 75-90% of the whole year; in July, the amount of sand contained accounts for 50% about. In 1963, the monthly mean maximum sand content of the measured river was 8.36 kg / m3. River bed diversion bed thicker particles, mostly pebbles and stones, the maximum size of 30 to 40 cm, more than 6 mm particle size of the mass transfer weight percentage of 75%. Toutunhe arable land of about 1000000 acres, of which 700000 acres in the West Bank. Irrigation area of the existing cross-strait irrigation area of 450,000 mu. With the development of agriculture, the autonomous region decided to build a permanent head canal and trunk canal seepage prevention project in the first phase of the Toutun River. Combined with the topography of the drainage area at the topography and the characteristics of large water diversion ratio, Toutunhe Canal decided to adopt the form of bottom fence. The head of the canal is the largest bilge canal in Xinjiang with a diversion flow (Q = 30 seconds). It was completed in the spring of 1964 and has been in operation for 18 years so far. The operation is basically good. The design, operation and existing problems of the Tauntang riverfront fencing are summarized as follows: