【摘 要】
：
Nucleic acid-based systems play important roles in antiviral defense,including CRISPR/Cas that adopts RNA-guided DNA cleavage to prevent DNA phage infection and RNA interference(RNAi)that employs RNA-guided RNA cleavage to defend against RNA virus infecti
【机 构】
：
Centre for Infection and Immunity Study(CIIS),School of Medicine(Shenzhen),Sun Yat-sen University,Gu
论文部分内容阅读
Nucleic acid-based systems play important roles in antiviral defense,including CRISPR/Cas that adopts RNA-guided DNA cleavage to prevent DNA phage infection and RNA interference(RNAi)that employs RNA-guided RNA cleavage to defend against RNA virus infection.Here,we report a novel type of nucleic acid-based antiviral system that exists in mouse embryonic stem cells(mESCs),which suppresses RNA virus infection by DNA-mediated RNA cleavage.We found that the viral RNA of encephalomyocarditis virus can be reverse transcribed into complementary DNA(vcDNA)by the reverse transcriptase(RTase)encoded by endogenous retrovirus-like elements in mESCs.The vcDNA is negative-sense single-stranded and forms DNA/RNA hybrid with viral RNA.The viral RNA in the heteroduplex is subsequently destroyed by cellular RNase H1,leading to robust suppression of viral growth.Furthermore,either inhibition of the RTase activity or depletion of endogenous RNase H1 results in the promotion of virus proliferation.Altogether,our results provide intriguing insights into the antiviral mechanism of mESCs and the antiviral function of endogenized retroviruses and cellular RNase H.Such a natural nucleic acid-based antiviral mechanism in mESCs is referred to as ERASE(endogenous RTase/RNase H-mediated antiviral system),which is an addition to the previously known nucleic acid-based antiviral mechanisms including CRISPR/Cas in bacteria and RNAi in plants and invertebrates.
其他文献
A major obstacle to understanding how and why congenital defects occur in the heart is the absence of models that recapitulate the basic cell lineage architecture of human heart development.In a recent study in Cell,Hofbauer and colleagues present compell
The Shigella flexneri effector IpaH7.8 targets gasdermin B for degradation in infected host cells.This bacterial strategy counteracts a host defense mechanism in which the lymphoid cell compartment activates the bactericidal properties of gasdermin B.rnIt
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are considered as innate equivalents of T cells.Liu et al.used single-cell RNA sequencing to determine the proportions of ILCs in human fetal tissues,and additionally identified novel progenitor subsets undergoing ILC lineage
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) has caused a global COVID-19 pandemic.The spike protein of SARS2 (SARS2-S) recognizes host receptors,including ACE2,to initiate viral entry in a complex biomechanical environment.Here,we reveal that tensile force,generat
As an excitatory transmitter system,the glutamatergic transmitter system controls excitability and conductivity of neurons.Since both cardiomyocytes and neurons are excitable cells,we hypothesized that cardiomyocytes may also be regulated by a similar sys
Melanocortins are peptide hormones critical for the regulation of stress response,energy homeostasis,inflammation,and skin pigmentation.Their functions are mediated by five G protein-coupled receptors (MC1R-MC5R),predominately through the stimulatory G pr
Somatic mutations(SMs)accumulate over the lifetime of cells and can lead to cancer and other diseases;however,SMs can be difficult to detect,especially when they are present in very few cells.In a recent Nature paper,Abascal et al.develop a protocol capab
Degrading pathogenic proteins by degrader technologies such as PROTACs(proteolysis-targeting chimeras)provides promising therapeutic strategies,but selective degradation of non-protein pathogenic biomolecules has been challenging.Here,we demonstrate a nov
New work published in Molecular Cell by Fu et al.reveals that the protein kinase ALK1 is deregulated when the enzymes assembling and disassembling Met1-ubiquitination,LUBAC and OTULIN,are inhibited or missing.This latest non-degradative role for ubiquitin
Whereas the critical roles of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in adult are increasingly appreciated,their developmental hierarchy in early human fetus remains largely elusive.In this study,we sorted human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells,lymphoid progenit