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微小RNA(microRNA)是一类内源性、长度约为16～29nt非编码小RNA,在细胞发育、增殖、分化、凋亡等方面都起了重要作用。通过与靶mRNA完全或不完全互补配对,引起mRNA的降解或翻译抑制,从而对基因转录后水平进行调控。microRNA既可作为促癌基因参与恶性肿瘤的发生和发育过程,又可作为抑瘤基因控制恶性肿瘤的形成,在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。本文就近年有关microRNAs的产生、作用机制及与胃癌关系等方面进行简要综述。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding small RNAs of about 16 to 29 nt in length and play an important role in cell development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The gene transcription level is regulated by either complete or incomplete complementarity with the target mRNA, which results in the degradation or translational inhibition of the mRNA. As a cancer-promoting gene, microRNA can be involved in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors and as a tumor suppressor gene to control the formation of malignant tumors, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the recent progress in the generation of microRNAs, the mechanism of action and the relationship with gastric cancer.