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遗传资源专有权作为知识产权的在先权利,与知识产权之间既有利益冲撞相对立的一面,又有与人权意蕴相容的一面,并且在国际保护体制上也存在制度协调的空间。二者应该一体保护,并同时降低独占性。具体规则包括:将遗传资源知情权作为专利授权的适度刚性的实质条件;将遗传资源许可使用权作为专利授权的绝对刚性的实质条件;而遗传资源利益分享权则在专利制度上不作要求。
As the prior right of intellectual property rights, the exclusive right of genetic resources has the opposite side to the conflict of interest between intellectual property rights and the aspect of human rights connotation. There is also room for institutional coordination in the international protection system. Both should be integrated and at the same time reduce exclusivity. Specific rules include: the right to know the genetic resources as a moderately rigid substantive conditions of patent licenses; the right to use genetic resources as the absolute rigidity of the patentee’s substantive conditions; and genetic resources benefit-sharing system is not required in the patent system.