一、国有企业债务问题的现状和成因国有企业债务问题已成为进一步深化改革的障碍，不在这个难点问题上取得突破，国有企业改革和国有银行商业化都难以迈出实质性的步伐。国有企业的债务问题，突出地表现在两个方面：一是企业资产负债率高，即过度负债；二是存在大量不良债务。? I. Status Quo and Causes of Debt Problems of State-owned Enterprises The debt problem of state-owned enterprises has become an obstacle to further deepening the reform. Without making any breakthrough on this difficult issue, it is difficult to take substantive steps toward the reform of state-owned enterprises and the commercialization of state-owned banks. The debt problem of state-owned enterprises prominently displays in two aspects. First, the debt-to-asset ratio of enterprises is over-indebted. Second, there are a great deal of bad debts. ?