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利用IKONOS高分辨率(1m)卫星遥感图,根据Ellis提出的村级景观分类体系,研究华南丘陵区村级景观中的土壤容重、土壤有机质、土壤全氮和土壤全磷的含量和分布特征。结果表明:不同土地利用景观中,表层土壤(0~15 cm)的土壤容重、有机质和全氮均有显著差异,最大值分别为:1.42 g cm-3(建设用地)、18.67 g kg-1(水田)和0.95 g kg-1(水田),而全磷差异不显著。由于林地面积最大,其土壤养分储量也最大,表层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷储量分别占整个地区表层总储量的55.05%、53.88%、46.23%。不同土地覆盖景观中,表层土壤的土壤容重、有机质、全氮也都有显著差异,最大值分别为:1.42 g cm-3(硬化地面)、15.96 g kg-1(混合植被)和0.68 g kg-1(混合植被),而全磷差异也不显著。多年生植被在土地覆盖景观中所占面积最大,其表层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷储量分别占整个地区表层总储量的55.01%、54.53%、59.02%。由于下层受人为干扰较小,不论是在不同土地利用方式还是在土地覆盖下,下层土壤(15~30 cm)的土壤容重、有机质、全氮和全磷均无显著差异。人为强烈干扰下,植被覆盖度低的交通用地、房屋及其附近的干扰地和荒地与植被覆盖度高的林地、水田相比较,土壤容重高,而土壤有机质、土壤全氮和土壤全磷含量低。
According to the village landscape classification system proposed by Ellis, the content and distribution of soil bulk density, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus in the hilly landscape of South China were studied using IKONOS high resolution (1m) satellite remote sensing image. The results showed that soil bulk density, organic matter and total nitrogen in topsoil (0 ~ 15 cm) were significantly different among different land use landscapes, with the maximum values of 1.42 g cm-3 (for construction land) and 18.67 g kg-1 (Paddy field) and 0.95 g kg-1 (paddy field), while the difference of total phosphorus was not significant. Due to the largest area of forest land, the soil nutrient reserves are also the largest. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the topsoil account for 55.05%, 53.88% and 46.23% of the total surface area reserves respectively. Soil bulk density, organic matter and total nitrogen of topsoil also differed significantly in different land cover landscapes with the maximum values of 1.42 g cm-3 (hardened ground), 15.96 g kg-1 (mixed vegetation) and 0.68 g kg -1 (mixed vegetation), while the total phosphorus difference is not significant. Perennial vegetation occupies the largest area in the land cover landscape, and its topsoil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus reserves account for 55.01%, 54.53% and 59.02% of the total surface area reserves respectively. Due to the lower human disturbance, the soil bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the lower soil (15 ~ 30 cm) were not significantly different under different land use or land cover. Compared with the woodland and paddy field with high vegetation coverage, the transportation land with low vegetation coverage and the disturbed land and the wasteland near the house and nearby land under high artificial disturbance have high soil bulk density, while the soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen and soil total phosphorus content low.