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内蒙古额济纳旗黑城,蒙古语称做哈拉浩特,为西夏黑水城和元代亦集乃路遗址。自1908年俄人科兹洛夫在此盗掘得大量西夏和元代文书后,黑城就已闻名于世界。1983年和1984年,内蒙古文物考古研究所与阿拉善盟文物站联合组成考古队正式发掘了黑城（简报见《文物》1987年第7期）,出土有各种民族文字的文书3000余号,经过整理拼缀,已基本弄清了这批文书的内容。由于这次考古发掘,基本上是揭露元代至北元初期的地层,因而出土文书以元代的为多,北元初期的数量比较少,而西夏时代的数量最少。从内容看来,这批文书以世俗文书为主,佛教经咒较少;且世俗文书中又以官府的公文为多,居民的书信、契约、帐单、柬帖等又较少。这些公文可分为卷宗、
Inner Mongolia Ejinaqi black city, Mongolian called Halahot, for the Western Xia Heishui City and the Yuan Dynasty also set the site of the site. Since 1908 the Russian Kozlov in this excavation of a large number of Western Xia and Yuan Dynasty instruments, the city has become famous in the world. 1983 and 1984, the Inner Mongolia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology together with the Arxan League cultural relics station jointly formed an archaeological team officially discovered the black city (briefing, see “Heritage” 1987 the seventh period), unearthed a variety of ethnic writing instruments 3000 After finishing the patchwork, the contents of these documents have been basically clarified. Since this archeological excavation basically revealed the strata of the early Yuan Dynasty to the Northern Yuan Dynasty, the unearthed documents were mostly in the Yuan Dynasty, with a relatively small number in the early Northern Yuan Dynasty and the least in the Western Xia Dynasty. From the perspective of content, these instruments are dominated by secular instruments, Buddhism exerts less incantation, and there are more official documents in secular instruments. Residents’ letters, contracts, bills, and other posts are still rare. These documents can be divided into files,