Synergistic anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of amoxicillin in combination withEmblica officinali

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Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity ofEmblica officinalis Gaertn (E. officinalis; Family: Euphorbiaceae) seed andNymphae odorata Aiton (N. odorata; Family: Nymphaeaceae) stamen extracts, alone and in combination, and in combination with amoxicillin (Ax) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).Methods:Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of amla,E. officinalis, seed (AMS; 500 μg) and sapla,N. odorata, stamen (SAP; 500 μg) for12 methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) isolates was determined following agar diffusion; in order to assess the combined antibacterial activity, AMS (250 μg) plusSAP (250 μg) were considered. The Ax (10μg) activity alone and in combination withAMS (250μg), andSAP(250 μg) was determined by disk diffusion. The zone diameters of inhibition (ZDIs) for the agents were recorded, and growth inhibitory indices (GIIs) were calculated.Results:TheMRSA isolates (n=12) hadAMS(500μg) andSAP (500μg)ZDIs of12-19 mm and21-24mm, respectively. The ZDIs (range24-27mm) increased by3-4mm due to combined action of AMS (250 μg) andSAP (250μg) indicating synergy between extracts forMRSA(GII 0.634-0.742). TheMRSA isolates were resistant to Ax (ZDI: 8-11 mm), which in combination withAMS andSAP had synergistic effect, both due to increasedZDI [mean±SD=(3.5±0.577) mm] andGII (0.631-0.894).Conclusions: The data suggest that the plants,E. officinalis andN. odorata alone or in combination, are promising in the development of phytomedicines, which may be used, alone or in combination with the antibiotic, Ax, against MRSA infection.
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