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目的:调查山东省威海市文登区0～3岁婴幼儿维生素A (VA) 的营养状况.方法:选择2015年1月至2016年5月在威海市中心医院儿科呼吸门诊就诊和儿童保健门诊健康查体的359例婴幼儿 (0～3岁), 抽取静脉血2 m L, 采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定血清VA含量, 并填写家长调查问卷.结果:359例婴幼儿中, VA缺乏65例 (18.11％), 边缘型VA缺乏162例 (45.13％), VA正常132例 (36.77％) .≤1岁组婴幼儿VA水平最低,>1～2岁组次之,>2～3岁组VA水平最高 (P0.05) .补充鱼肝油的婴幼儿血清VA水平高于未补充鱼肝油的婴幼儿 (P2 to 3 years old group (P0.05). The serum VA level of infants supplemented with cod liver oil was higher than that of infants without cod liver oil (P<0.05). The serum VA level was lower in infants with respiratory infection than in healthy infants (P<0.05). Conclusion: VA deficiency is relatively common in infants aged from 0 to 3 years old in Weihai Wendeng district, infants within 1 year old and respiratory infection are high-risk groups of VA deficiency, which need to be highly valued by families, society and medical institutions.