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目的探讨成人接种卡介苗能否预防支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)发生和控制已患哮喘急性发作。方法以分层整群随机抽样确定科研点的县、乡,以乡辖村为单位分为研究组和对照组,对村中20～55岁非肿瘤、结核病现症患者的自愿村民按性别、年龄分别配对,对研究组人群进行卡介苗接种,每6个月1次连续3次;依靠县、乡、村三级防疫网络,对哮喘的发生和已患哮喘的发作进行监测。结果抽得4个乡、83个村,共有哮喘患者1406例,患病率为1.3%(1406/108189);纳入监测的20～55岁村民共24830人,哮喘患者149例,患病率0.6%,其中研究组81例,对照组68例;在1997年12月至2009年12月监测期间研究组死亡3例,尚存的78例急性发作35例,共计233次;对照组死亡7例,尚存的61例发作59例,共计2131次。哮喘患者的急性发作率比较及发作次数(人次)比较研究组与对照组间的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=42.07,P<0.01;t=9.46,P<0.01);研究组原非哮喘患者12334人中已经死亡432人,新发哮喘13例,哮喘发生、发作共计167次;对照组原非哮喘患者12347人中已经死亡511人,新发哮喘39例,哮喘发生、发作共计1907次。哮喘发病率比较及发生、发作的次数(人次)比较研究组与对照组间的差异亦均有统计学意义(χ2=13.17,P<0.01;t=6.31,P<0.01)。结论成人接种卡介苗对哮喘的发生有一定预防作用,对哮喘急性发作有一定治疗、控制作用。
Objective To investigate whether adult BCG vaccination can prevent the occurrence of bronchial asthma (asthma) and control the acute exacerbation of asthma. Methods The stratified cluster was randomly selected to determine the county and township of the research sites. The villages were divided into study group and control group with villages under their jurisdiction. The villagers aged 20- 55 years with non-tumor and tuberculosis were selected according to gender, Age pairs, the study group population BCG vaccination, once every 6 months 3 times in a row; rely on county, township and village three epidemic prevention network, the incidence of asthma and asthma attacks have been monitored. Results A total of 4 townships and 83 villages were drawn, with a total of 1406 asthma patients, the prevalence was 1.3% (1406/108189). A total of 24,830 villagers aged 20-55 were enrolled in the survey, and 149 patients were asthmatic with a prevalence of 0.6 %, Of which 81 cases in the study group and 68 cases in the control group; in the study period from December 1997 to December 2009, there were 3 deaths in the study group and 35 remaining 78 acute attacks, for a total of 233 times; in the control group, 7 patients died , The remaining 61 episodes in 59 cases, a total of 2131 times. The acute attack rate of asthma patients and the number of seizures (person times) were compared between the study group and the control group were statistically significant (χ2 = 42.07, P <0.01; t = 9.46, P <0.01) Of the 12,334 patients, 432 have been killed, 13 cases of new-onset asthma and 167 cases of asthma. Of the 12,347 non-asthmatic patients in the control group, 511 have been killed, 39 cases of new-onset asthma, and 1907 episodes of asthma . The incidence of asthma and the occurrence of the number of attacks (person times) compared with the control group were also statistically significant differences (χ2 = 13.17, P <0.01; t = 6.31, P <0.01). Conclusion Adult BCG vaccination has a preventive effect on the occurrence of asthma and has certain therapeutic and control effects on the acute exacerbation of asthma.