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分别阐述了铸造、锻造和轧制的铸钢车轮、辗钢车轮的加工流程、性能特点,依据材料学理论分析了车轮钢中各种化学成分的作用。结果表明:铸钢车轮具有工序少、成本低、铸模可多次利用等优点,但是该过程易产生杂质、偏析等缺陷。辗钢车轮力学性能好,但工艺复杂、成本高。各种元素含量对车轮钢使用性能影响如下:C元素会影响材料的强度和韧性;S和Mn元素可以改善材料的加工性能;Si元素可以提高材料的抗破坏能力。
The casting process, the forging process and the rolling process of the cast steel wheels and the wheel of the steel rolling mill are described respectively. The performance characteristics are analyzed respectively. The roles of various chemical components in the wheel steel are analyzed based on the material theory. The results show that cast steel wheels have many advantages, such as less working procedure, lower cost and multiple use of mold, but the defects such as impurities and segregation are easy to produce. Rolling steel wheel mechanical properties, but the process is complex, high cost. The effect of various elements on the serviceability of wheel steel is as follows: C element will affect the strength and toughness of the material; S and Mn elements can improve the processing performance of the material; Si element can improve the material’s anti-sabotage ability.