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目的进一步认识两面针Zanthoxylum nitidum花粉粒形态特征和生理特性。方法采用离体培养法测定花粉粒活性,并应用“3414”试验设计对培养条件:蔗糖质量分数、硼酸(HBO3)质量浓度、氯化钙(Ca Cl2)质量浓度3个因素进行筛选,同时与碘-碘化钾(I2-KI)、氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC法)测定花粉活性的方法比较,建立测定花粉活性的适宜方法。然后应用所建立的方法,进一步研究保存方法、保存时间对花粉粒活性影响。应用电子显微镜观察花粉粒大小、形态等特征。结果 I2-KI染色法、TTC法2种方法不适合两面针成熟花粉活性的测定。离体萌发法中最佳的组合为10%蔗糖+0.1 mg/m L硼酸+0.1 mg/m L氯化钙,测定萌发率可达66.67%。两面针花粉活性24 h内最高,4℃的低温条件下可保持约15 d,而冷冻和常温条件不太适合其保存。花粉粒形态为长椭球形,具有3个萌发沟,表面有网状纹饰。结论初步建立了两面针花粉粒活性测定方法、贮藏条件,为了解两面针花粉粒生理特性、品种选育及分类奠定基础。
Objective To further understand the morphological and physiological characteristics of Zanthoxylum nitidum pollen grains. Methods The pollen granule activity was determined by in vitro culture method. The culture conditions were as follows: sucrose concentration, boric acid (HBO3) concentration and calcium chloride concentration (CaCl2) At the same time, compared with the method of iodine-potassium iodide (I2-KI) and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC method) to measure the activity of pollen, a suitable method for determination of pollen activity was established. Then the established method was used to further study the effect of preservation method and storage time on pollen granule activity. Using electron microscopy to observe the size and shape of pollen grains. Results I2-KI staining method and TTC method were not suitable for the determination of mature pollen viability. The best combination of in vitro germination method was 10% sucrose +0.1 mg / m L boric acid +0.1 mg / m L calcium chloride, and the germination rate was 66.67%. The needle pollen activity was the highest in 24 h, and kept at 4 ℃ for about 15 days, while the freezing and normal temperature conditions were not suitable for its preservation. The shape of pollen grains is oval, with three germination grooves, the surface of the mesh ornamentation. Conclusion The method and storage conditions for the determination of pollen grains of S. aestivum were established initially, which laid the foundation for understanding the physiological characteristics of pollen grains and breeding and classification of varieties.