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所谓对外政策,主要是指一国对国际形势、国际关系和国际事务的考察认识、判断评价及相应的决策措施。19世纪及20世纪初,清朝对外政策的演变及特征在现行中学历史教材中比较零散,未形成明显的特征框架。笔者按其历史发展的进程将清朝对外政策的演变大致分为四个历史时期:
The so-called foreign policy mainly refers to a country’s investigation, recognition, evaluation and corresponding decision-making measures regarding the international situation, international relations and international affairs. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the evolution and characteristics of the foreign policy of the Qing Dynasty were relatively fragmented in the history textbooks of the current middle school and did not form an obvious characteristic framework. According to the process of its historical development, the author roughly divided the evolution of the Qing foreign policy into four historical periods: