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microRNA(miRNAs)是一种长约21～25个核苷酸的非编码RNA分子，通过与其靶基因mRNA的3′非编码区结合调控基因的表达，从而控制细胞生长、增殖、分化、衰老、凋亡、以及代谢、炎症和免疫反应等多种生理、病理过程。据报道，许多miRNA在自身免疫性疾病中差异表达，并且可能在调节免疫应答和自身免疫中发挥关键作用。此篇综述阐述了目前多发性硬化、系统性红斑狼疮、炎症性肠病等自身免疫性疾病中miRNAs的研究进展。“,”microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules of about 21~25 nucleotides. They regulate gene expression by binding to the 3′ non-coding region of their target gene mRNA, thereby controlling a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, aging, apoptosis, and metabolism, inflammation, immune response. Many miRNAs have been reported to be differentially expressed in autoimmune diseases and may play a key role in regulating immune responses and autoimmunity. This review summarizes the research progress of miRNAs in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease.