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目的为开展有效的麻疹病原学监测。方法对北京市疾病预防控制中心(CDC)麻疹实验室1998~2003年麻疹病毒分离结果进行了初步分析,以实验室确诊率、标本阳性检出率、病毒分离成功率等指标评价监测工作。结果153例麻疹疑似病例经实验室检测确诊112例,确诊率为73·20%。1998~2003年病毒分离成功者15例(16株),占确诊病例总数的13·39%,病毒分离成功率随病例出疹天数的延长而逐渐降低。在麻疹确诊病例尿液标本中,病毒阳性检出率为29·63%,显著高于咽拭子中的检出率(7·48%)。此外,23例同时收集有咽拭子和尿液标本的确诊病例中,病毒分离成功率为34·78%,尿液和咽拭子标本阳性检出率分别为26·09%(6/23)和13·04%(3/23)。结论增强现场流行病学调查人员对麻疹病例的鉴别能力,同时采集咽拭子和尿液标本,加强与医疗单位的合作,不断提高出疹3d内合格标本采集率,切实保证标本储存、运输条件,对超过急性出疹5d的标本不再进行病毒分离。
The purpose is to carry out effective measles etiology monitoring. Methods The results of measles virus isolation in measles laboratory of Beijing CDC from 1998 to 2003 were preliminary analyzed, and the monitoring work was evaluated based on the laboratory diagnosis rate, the positive detection rate of samples and the success rate of virus isolation. Results A total of 153 suspected cases of measles were detected by laboratory tests in 112 cases, the diagnosis rate was 73.20%. From 1998 to 2003, 15 cases (16 strains) were successful in virus isolation, accounting for 13.39% of the total number of confirmed cases. The success rate of virus isolation gradually decreased with the increase of the number of days of rash. In the urine samples diagnosed in measles, the positive rate of virus was 29.63%, which was significantly higher than that of throat swab (7.78%). In addition, of 23 confirmed cases of throat swabs and urine samples, the successful rate of virus isolation was 34.78%, and the positive rates of urine and throat swab samples were 26.09% (6/23 ) And 13.04% (3/23). Conclusion To increase the ability of on-site epidemiological investigators to distinguish measles cases, to collect throat swabs and urine samples, to strengthen cooperation with medical units, to continuously improve the collection rate of qualified specimens in rash 3d, and to ensure the storage and transportation of specimens , More than 5d acute rash samples no longer virus isolation.