超声波在化学反应上的应用,主要是利用超声波作为能源来激发和引起一些化学反应。本文根据一部分文献资料,就近年来国外在这方面的应用和研究情况作一简单介紹。(一)超声波激发化学反应的理論超声波可以激发許多在通常条件下不能进行或难以进行的化学反应。应用超声波可以改变化学反应的特征与方向,且可使反应产物具有更高的实用价值。就液体系統言,基本上可以說,几乎全部已知的超声化学效应,只有当超声强度足以产生空化作用的条件下才能发生。因此,关于超声所以能激发化学反应的各种理論,归根結蒂,都是以空化作用为基础。所謂空化作用,就是当液体因受超声而振动时,介质内会发生交替的压縮和稀疏现象。在足够强烈的超声振动下,在稀疏部分該液体被破坏而形成空腔。再受压縮作用时,空腔閉合。这种空腔的产生和閉合以及它对周圍介质所导致的效应就称为空化作用?涌栈饔贸龇?提出了各种激发化学反应的理論。归納起来,主 The application of ultrasound in chemical reactions mainly uses ultrasound as an energy source to stimulate and cause some chemical reactions. This article based on part of the literature, in recent years in foreign applications and research in this area to make a brief introduction. (A) of the theory of ultrasonic excitation chemical reaction Ultrasonic can stimulate many under normal conditions can not be carried out or difficult to carry out chemical reactions. The application of ultrasound can change the characteristics and direction of the chemical reaction, and can make the reaction product have higher practical value. In the case of liquid systems, basically, it can be said that almost all known ultrasound chemical effects occur only if the ultrasound intensity is sufficient to produce cavitation. Therefore, the various theories that can stimulate chemical reactions on ultrasound are, in the final analysis, based on cavitation. The so-called cavitation, that is, when the liquid due to ultrasound and vibration, the medium will occur alternating compression and sparse phenomenon. Under sufficiently strong ultrasonic vibrations, the liquid is destroyed in the sparse portion to form a cavity. When compressed again, the cavity is closed. The creation and closure of such cavities and their effects on the surrounding medium are called cavitations. Various theories have been proposed to stimulate chemical reactions. To sum up, Lord