一、从形式伦理学到实质伦理学:马克思对西方近代伦理学的“解构” 在当代哲学的最新格局中,由于传统秩序崩溃和价值多元化导致现代人生活理想的严重危机,使伦理和政治问题发展成为哲学的核心问题。在这一新格局中,马克思哲学占有特殊的重要地位,以致所有涉及现代伦理学问题的学术探讨都必然是与马克思的对话。然而不难发现,马克思学说中并没有一个严格学术规范意义上的伦理学理论。至今我们仍面临一个看 I. From “Formal Ethics” to “Substantive Ethics”: Marx’s “Deconstruction” of Western Modern Ethics In the latest pattern of contemporary philosophy, due to the collapse of the traditional order and the diversification of values, the serious crisis of modern people’s life ideals makes ethics and politics The development of problems has become the core issue of philosophy. In this new pattern, Marx’s philosophy occupies a special important position, so that all academic discussions concerning modern ethics must be conversations with Marx. However, it is not hard to find that there is not a strict ethical theory in the academic norms in Marx’s theory. So far we still face a look