目的　提高对弥漫性泛细支气管炎 (DPB)的认识。方法　对 1例经胸腔镜肺活检病理确诊为DPB患者的临床资料进行分析 ,并结合文献复习。结果　DPB是一种慢性小气道疾病 ,以两肺弥漫性呼吸性细支气管的炎症为特征。DPB的病因及发病机制尚不清楚 ,可能与遗传和免疫因素有关。临床表现为慢性咳嗽、咳痰、活动后气短 ,常合并铜绿假单胞菌感染。如不治疗 ,患者可发展为呼吸衰竭 ,预后不良。结论　遇到不明原因的双肺结节状阴影应想到DPB ,并争取做肺组织活检以明确诊断。长期低剂量红霉素治疗可能通过控制炎症作用改善患者预后 Objective To improve the understanding of diffuse bronchiolitis (DPB). Methods One case of thoracoscopic lung biopsy confirmed the pathological diagnosis of DPB clinical data were analyzed and combined with the literature review. Results DPB is a chronic small airway disease characterized by inflammation of the diffuse bronchioles of both lungs. The etiology and pathogenesis of DPB is not clear, may be related to genetic and immune factors. Clinical manifestations of chronic cough, sputum, shortness of breath after the event, often associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. If not treated, the patient can develop respiratory failure, the prognosis is poor. Conclusions DPB should be considered in the bilateral nodular shadows of unknown causes and biopsies of lung tissue should be sought to confirm the diagnosis. Long-term low-dose erythromycin treatment may improve patient outcomes by controlling inflammation