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在2010年和2011年春小麦生长季,选用宁春50号,研究高产条件下特殊气候对春小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:①2010年籽粒产量、千粒质量、穗粒数、株高、水分利用效率、总耗水量和耗水强度显著高于2011年;在不同生育阶段,播种至二棱的阶段耗水量、播种至二棱、拔节至开花的耗水模系数2011年显著高于2010年,二棱至拔节、拔节至开花、开花至成熟的阶段耗水量、开花至成熟的耗水模系数2010年显著高于2011年;2011年春小麦的土壤耗水量主要集中在20～40cm土层,2010年春小麦土壤耗水量主要集中在20～80cm土层,表明2010年春小麦能充分利用深层土壤水;②2010年阶段耗水量和耗水模系数为开花至成熟>拔节至开花>播种至二棱>二棱至拔节,2011年阶段耗水量和耗水模系数为拔节至开花>开花至成熟>播种至二棱>二棱至拔节,2个年份的耗水强度均为拔节至开花>开花至成熟>二棱至拔节>播种至二棱,且2个年份春小麦全生育期耗水强度变化规律均与生育期基本吻合;③灌水量占总耗水量的百分率和土壤耗水量占总耗水量的百分率为2011年>2010年,降水量及其占总耗水量的百分率和土壤耗水量为2010年>2011年;水分利用效率(WUE)、灌水利用效率和土壤水利用效率为2010年>2011年,降水利用效率为2011年>2010年,且差异显著。综合表明,2010年明显高于2011年的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,可能由于2010年气候条件促进春小麦具有较高的总耗水量、耗水强度、灌水利用效率和土壤水利用效率,拔节至开花、开花至成熟阶段耗水量、耗水模系数以及充分利用深层土壤水、较多的降水和较高的土壤耗水量。
In 2010 and 2011 spring wheat growing season, Ningchun 50 was selected to study the effects of special climate on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of spring wheat under high yielding conditions. The results showed that: (1) The grain yield, 1000-grain weight, grain number per spike, plant height, water use efficiency, total water consumption and water consumption intensity were significantly higher in 2010 than in 2011. In different growth stages, The coefficient of water consumption modulus from sowing to two edges and jointing to flowering was significantly higher in 2011 than that in 2010, ranging from two-ridge to jointing, jointing to flowering, flowering to maturity stage, In 2011; spring wheat soil water consumption in spring 2011 mainly concentrated in the 20 ~ 40cm soil layer, spring 2010 wheat soil water consumption mainly concentrated in the 20 ~ 80cm soil layer, indicating that in 2010 spring wheat can make full use of deep soil water; The coefficients of water consumption and water consumption modulus ranged from flowering to maturity> jointing to flowering> sowing to two edges> two edges to jointing. The coefficient of water consumption and water consumption modulus in 2011 was from jointing to flowering> flowering to maturity> sowing to two edges> two Prolonging to jointing, the water consumption intensity of two years were all from jointing to flowering> flowering to maturity> ridge to jointing> sowing to two edges, and the spring water consumption intensity of spring wheat in the two years coincided with the growth period ; ③ irrigation volume The percentage of total water consumption and soil water consumption as a percentage of total water consumption was 2011> 2010, precipitation and its percentage of total water consumption and soil water consumption were 2010> 2011; water use efficiency (WUE) , Irrigation efficiency and soil water use efficiency for 2010> 2011, precipitation efficiency for 2011> 2010, and the difference was significant. The results showed that the grain yield and water use efficiency in 2010 were significantly higher than those in 2011, which may be due to the higher total water consumption, water consumption intensity, irrigation efficiency and soil water use efficiency of spring wheat promoted by 2010 climatic conditions, , Water consumption from flowering to maturity, water consumption modulus, and full utilization of deep soil water, more precipitation and higher soil water consumption.