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Unit 13
1.The diamond was cursed and the man lived a sad, lonely life without friends or family. 这块钻石受到了诅咒,这个人过着忧郁而孤独的生活,既没有朋友,也没有亲人。
▲curse
(1)v.咒骂,诅咒
She cursed him for ruining her life.
她因他毁了她的一生而诅咒他。
(2)be cursed with因……而遭殃,因……而受苦
My mother is cursed with blindness and difficulty in hearing.
我的母亲正遭受失明与弱听之苦。
(3)n.咒骂、诅咒之词
The witch laid the princess under a curse.
巫婆对公主下了诅咒。
(4)n.天谴,天讨
Our tribe is under a curse.
我们部落正遭受天谴。
(5)n.祸根,祸因
Foxes can be a curse to farmers.
狐狸会给农民带来灾祸。
2.When he died he left the Moonstone to his sister’s daughter, Rachel, in an act of revenge, passing on his bad fortune to her.他去世的时候把月亮宝石留给了他姐姐的女儿雷切尔,报复性地把不幸传给她。
▲an act of revenge报复行为,act在此处是名词。
an act of cruelty残忍的行为
an act of war战争行为
an act of mercy仁慈的行为
▲revenge
(1)vt.替……报仇;(对某种行为)报复
The boy swore to revenge his father.
那个男孩发誓要为他父亲报仇。
(2)n.复仇,报仇
I took revenge on the people for what they did. 我报了仇,让他们对自己的行为付出了代价。
3.All the guests are astonished by its size and rare beauty. 所有的客人都对它的体积和少有的美丽感到震惊。
▲astonish vt.使惊讶,使惊愕(常用于被动语态,不可用于进行时)
The news astonished everybody.=Everybody was astonished at the news.
这个消息令大家惊讶。
I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound.
我被这巨大的声响吓了一跳。
We were astonished that he appeared at the party. 他出现在宴会上使我们感到惊讶。
[发散思维] astonished adj.惊讶的
astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
astonishment n.惊奇,惊愕
to one’s astonishment 令某人感到惊讶的是
4.Is it coincidence or is it the Moonstone’s bad luck that causes the tension and strange things that happen during the rest of the evening? 是巧合还是月亮宝石的不幸使得那天晚上发生了紧张而奇怪的事情呢?
▲该句是强调句,强调的部分分别是主语“coincidence”和“the Moonstone’s bad luck”。
(1)“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+原句的剩余部分”是强调句型,可用来强调句中除谓语动词以外的任何成分。如:
My uncle bought a new car yesterday.
昨天我叔叔买了一辆新汽车。
→It was my uncle who/that bought a new car yesterday. (强调主语)
→It was a new car that my uncle bought yesterday. (强调宾语)
→It was yesterday that my uncle bought a new car. (强调时间状语)
注意:强调主语时,如果指人,可以用that,也可以用who。强调时间、地点、原因状语时,只用that,不能用when, where和why。
(2)对特殊疑问词强调的句式是“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子的其余部分(陈述语序)”。
What is it that Joe has found in the bathroom? 乔在浴室里发现的是什么?
高考试题赏析
I don’t mind her criticizing me, but ____ is how she does it that I object to.(2007 江西)
A. it B. that C. this D. which
赏析:本题考查强调句型。It is+被强调部分+that+其他,强调句可去掉it is与that还原句子。本句相当于…,but I object to how she does it。被强调部分是宾语从句,因此,用it引导该句式。答案:A
▲coincidence n.
(1)巧合,恰好相合的事(可数名词)
What a coincidence that I was in London just when you were.
真是巧合,你在伦敦时我也在。
(2)相符合,一致(不可数名词)
Is there any coincidence between his opinions and your own?
他的意见跟你的是不是一致?
[发散思维] coincident adj.同时发生或存在的,巧合的,一致的
5.I assumed her maid had taken Rachel’s garment with the paint stain, hidden it, and then secretly made a new one in her room during the night.我曾经假设过:雷切尔的女佣拿走了那件带有油漆污渍的衣服,把它藏了起来,然后当天晚上在她的房间里偷偷地做了一件新的。
▲assume vt.
(1)把……视为当然,以为,假定为……,想当然
When college students assume future employment, they often think of status, income and prestige.当大学生设想未来的职业时,他们经常想到的是地位、收入和名望。
——I assumed that he was dead.
我认为他死了。
——I assumed so, too. 我也这么认为。
(2)担任(职务、任务等),承担
He will assume the directorship of the project. 他将担任那项工程管理者的职位。
(3)假装,装作
Although she was ill, she assumed an air of cheerfulness. 虽然她生病了,她却装作快乐的样子。
[发散思维] (1) assumption n.假定,假设
(2) assuming表示“假如”,和if同义;assuming后面可以有that。
Assuming that his story is true, what should we do? 如果(假定)他的故事是真的,我们应该怎么办?
6.She admitted that she had hidden the evidence becauseshe loved him and wanted to keep him out of trouble. 她承认自己藏匿了证据,因为她爱他,不想使他有麻烦。
▲admit v.
(1)承认,供认
He admitted having done wrong.
他承认做错了事。
You must admit the task to be difficult.
你得承认这项工作是困难的。
It is generally admitted that which way you take is up to you.
一般认为走哪条路取决于自己。
注意:admit后接doing作宾语,意为“承认做了某事”。
(2)许可(人或物)进入;让……进入;允许行使……的权利、作用或特权。
The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.
仆人打开门,让我走进房子里。
Only one hundred boys are admitted to (into) the school every year.
该校每年只收100名男生。
Children are not admitted. 儿童免进。
(3)容纳(相当于hold)
The theatre admits only 200 persons.
这个戏院只能容纳200人。
[发散思维] admission n.承认,供认,允许进入,入学等许可
7.Franklin and Rachel were both delighted to discover that Franklin was innocent after all. 发现富兰克林最终是清白的,富兰克林和雷切尔都很高兴。
▲innocent adj.
(1)无罪的,清白的
an innocent man 一个清白的人
The defendant in a criminal case is innocent until proved guilty. 刑事案件中的被告,在罪证确凿之前是无罪的。
He is innocent of the crime. 他没有犯罪。
(2)无邪的,天真烂漫的
an innocent child一个天真烂漫的孩童
as innocent as a baby像婴儿般天真
[发散思维] innocence n.无辜
His friends proved his innocence.
他的朋友证明了他的清白。
Unit 14
8. Write an argumentative essay.
写一篇议论文
▲argumentative adj. 辩论的;争论的
[发散思维] argue vt. &vi.争论
(1)argue(+about/on/over)+n.就……辩论
We’ll argue about the government’s new economic policy with him.
我们将与他辩论政府的新经济政策。
(2)argue+that…主张……,认为……
She argued thatour attempt would be a waste of time.
她认为我们的尝试将是浪费时间。
(3)argue+for(against)+n.赞成(反对)……
He argued for (against) the Five-day Week.
他赞成(反对)一周上5天班。
(4)argue+sb.+into(out of) doing…说服某人做(停止做)……
I argued him into buying a new car.
我说服他去买一辆新汽车。
(5)argue against sb. on sth.
与某人争辩某事
[发散思维] argument n.争论;议论;论据argumentation n.论证,辩论 arguer n.争辩者
9.Match the words above with the humorous definitions below. 把上面的单词与下面幽默的定义相搭配。
▲match vi.&vt.
(1)match+n.与……相匹敌
No one can match her in knowledge of classical music. 在古典音乐的知识方面没人能和她相匹敌。
(2)与(某事物)相似、相配、相符合或相一致
Her clothes don’t match her age.
她的衣服与她的年龄不相配。
(3)match+n.+against(with)使……和……交手;和……比赛
He matched his shooting skill against the expert’s. 他和专家比赛射击技术。
辨析:match, suit与fit
(1)match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
(2)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。
No dish suits all tastes. 众口难调。
(3)fit多指大小、形状合适,引申为“吻合”“协调”。
The new coat fits me well.
这件新外套我穿着大小正合适。
▲humorous adj. 幽默的;诙谐的
He is a humorous writer.
他是一位幽默的作家。
[发散思维] humor n. 幽默 humorously adv. 幽默地
He is a man of humor.
他是一位具有幽默感的人。
10.What is the problem with the animals at the zoo? 动物园里的动物怎么了?
▲What’s the problem with…?……怎么了?
[发散思维] What’s the matter with…?……怎么了?
What’s wrong with…?……怎么了?
There’s something(nothing) wrong(the matter) with… ……有点问题(没问题)。
What’s wrong(the matter) with her(her eyes)? 她(她的眼睛)怎么啦?
There’s nothing wrong(the matter) with the machine. 这台机器没毛病。
注意:the matter一般用于疑问句或否定句中,而不用于肯定句中。
11.Among the different kinds of bee, it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most because of the “language” they use to communicate with each other. 在各种不同种类的蜂中,蜜蜂因其在彼此之间进行沟通所用的“语言”而最使科学家们感兴趣。
▲从总体上看这个句子是“It is…that…”的强调句型,the “language”后面为定语从句。
▲强调句型的变化形式归纳:
(1)以一般疑问句的形式出现。
Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that yourself
比较下句:It was you that I saw last night at the concert.我们可以看出该题实际上是这个陈述句的一般疑问句形式。答案应为A。
(2)以特殊疑问句的形式出现。
____ is it ____ has made Peter ____ he is today?
A. What; that; that
B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that
D. What; that; what
本题结构复杂,请看解析:
It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.
对划线部分提问:
What is it that has made Peter what he is today?
显然,答案应为D。
(3)以名词性从句的形式出现。
I’ve already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary.
A. thatit was there
B. where was it that
C. that where it was
D. where it was that
本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现。为了更好地理解,我们可以理解为:
第一步:复原。
It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.
第二步:对划线部分进行提问。
Where was it that you put the dictionary?
第三步:变为陈述语序,将其用作宾语从句,即为该题。经过对比,答案应为D。
(4)与定语从句相结合。
It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Professor Harris ____ they did the experiment.
A. which; that B. that; what
C. whom; that D. which; where
the lab后跟that或which引导的定语从句,全句为强调句式。所以答案为A。
(5)与not…until句型相结合。
It was not until it got dark that I left.
原句为:I didn’t leave until it got dark.
[链接]相似句型:
(1)“It+be+adj./n./过去分词+that从句”句型。
该句型中的it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It is important that he should learn English well. 对他来说学好英语是重要的。
(2)“It+be+时间段+since…”句型表示“自从……已有多久了”。
It is two months since he fell ill.
自从他生病已经有两个月了。
It’s two years since he worked here.
他不在这里工作已两年了。
注意:since从句后面的动词如果是延续性动词,朝相反方向译。
(3)“It be…before…”句型表示“……(多久后)发生……,……(过多久)才……”。
It was a long time before they met again.
很长一段时间之后他们又见面了。
高考试题赏析
The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____we meet them again.(2007 安徽)
A. after B. before C. since D. when
赏析:本题考查一组引导状语从句的连词的用法。“将经过很长一段时间我们才会再次相见”,此处连接词的本意为“在……之前”。答案:B
▲among prep. 在……之中,……中之一
Among flowers, the rose is considered queen. 玫瑰被认为是花中王后。
This mountain is among the highest in the world. 这座山是世界上最高的山之一。
12.Professor Karl von Frisch, a scientist from Austria, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives. 来自奥地利的科学家卡尔•冯•弗里希教授在一生中花费了许多年研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂房里令人吃惊的交流方法。
▲spend…(in) doing sth.花费(时间等)做某事
辨析:cost, spend, take与pay
(1)cost表示“花费(多少钱)”“需(多少钱)”“使……付出……的代价”,主语一般是表示所买东西的名词,不能是表示人的名词。cost是不规则动词,过去式和过去分词均为cost。
(2)spend money on和pay money for都可用来表示“花钱买东西”。
(3)take和spend在表示“花费(时间)”时所用的句型不同。take常用于It takes(sb.)+some time+to do sth.这一句型,it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语。spend常用于spend time(in)doing sth.或spend time on sth.这两种句型,主语是人,介词in后面是v.-ing的形式,in可省去。如:
The watch cost two hundred yuan.
那块表花了200元钱。
How much did the dictionary cost you?
你买那本词典花了多少钱?
The dictionary cost me twenty yuan.
=I spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.
=I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary.
=I bought the dictionary for twenty yuan.
=I bought the dictionary at the price of twenty yuan. 我花了20元钱买这本词典。
注意:cost的主语不同于spend, pay和buy的主语。
It will take you a long time to build a house. 建一座房子将花费你很长一段时间。
He often spends his spare time helping his father on the farm. 他经常利用业余时间在农场上帮他父亲干活。
You have to spend much more time on spoken English.
你们得在口语上花更多的时间。
▲honey-bees communicate in their dark hives是定语从句,修饰、限制先行词the amazing ways, 省略了关系代词that或in which。
13.He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside.
他建了一个透明的墙,透过它他能观察到里面发生的情况。
▲transparent adj.透明的;透光的
A type of plastic is as transparent as glass but stronger.
一种塑料,透明如玻璃却比玻璃坚固。
▲wall后面是“介词+which”引导的定语从句。
▲what went on“发生了什么事”,作observe的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中充当主语。
[链接]go on的其他用法:
(1)(向前)进行
We were all tired, so we couldn’t go on.
我们都筋疲力尽了,因此无法前进。
(2)继续(with+n.)
I couldn’t finish my homework, so I have to go on with it.
我没有完成家庭作业,所以还得继续做。
(3)go on doing继续做……
He went on working without taking a rest.
他一直工作,没停下来休息过。
(4)转换到(to+n.)
Time is short, so let’s go on to the next subject. 时间不多了,我们进入下一个主题吧。
(5)(事件等)发生
Do you know what’s going on here?
你知道这里发生什么事了吗?
(6)(时间)经过, 过去
As the days went on, it grew colder.
日子一天天过去,天气越来越冷。
1.The diamond was cursed and the man lived a sad, lonely life without friends or family. 这块钻石受到了诅咒,这个人过着忧郁而孤独的生活,既没有朋友,也没有亲人。
▲curse
(1)v.咒骂,诅咒
She cursed him for ruining her life.
她因他毁了她的一生而诅咒他。
(2)be cursed with因……而遭殃,因……而受苦
My mother is cursed with blindness and difficulty in hearing.
我的母亲正遭受失明与弱听之苦。
(3)n.咒骂、诅咒之词
The witch laid the princess under a curse.
巫婆对公主下了诅咒。
(4)n.天谴,天讨
Our tribe is under a curse.
我们部落正遭受天谴。
(5)n.祸根,祸因
Foxes can be a curse to farmers.
狐狸会给农民带来灾祸。
2.When he died he left the Moonstone to his sister’s daughter, Rachel, in an act of revenge, passing on his bad fortune to her.他去世的时候把月亮宝石留给了他姐姐的女儿雷切尔,报复性地把不幸传给她。
▲an act of revenge报复行为,act在此处是名词。
an act of cruelty残忍的行为
an act of war战争行为
an act of mercy仁慈的行为
▲revenge
(1)vt.替……报仇;(对某种行为)报复
The boy swore to revenge his father.
那个男孩发誓要为他父亲报仇。
(2)n.复仇,报仇
I took revenge on the people for what they did. 我报了仇,让他们对自己的行为付出了代价。
3.All the guests are astonished by its size and rare beauty. 所有的客人都对它的体积和少有的美丽感到震惊。
▲astonish vt.使惊讶,使惊愕(常用于被动语态,不可用于进行时)
The news astonished everybody.=Everybody was astonished at the news.
这个消息令大家惊讶。
I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound.
我被这巨大的声响吓了一跳。
We were astonished that he appeared at the party. 他出现在宴会上使我们感到惊讶。
[发散思维] astonished adj.惊讶的
astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
astonishment n.惊奇,惊愕
to one’s astonishment 令某人感到惊讶的是
4.Is it coincidence or is it the Moonstone’s bad luck that causes the tension and strange things that happen during the rest of the evening? 是巧合还是月亮宝石的不幸使得那天晚上发生了紧张而奇怪的事情呢?
▲该句是强调句,强调的部分分别是主语“coincidence”和“the Moonstone’s bad luck”。
(1)“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+原句的剩余部分”是强调句型,可用来强调句中除谓语动词以外的任何成分。如:
My uncle bought a new car yesterday.
昨天我叔叔买了一辆新汽车。
→It was my uncle who/that bought a new car yesterday. (强调主语)
→It was a new car that my uncle bought yesterday. (强调宾语)
→It was yesterday that my uncle bought a new car. (强调时间状语)
注意:强调主语时,如果指人,可以用that,也可以用who。强调时间、地点、原因状语时,只用that,不能用when, where和why。
(2)对特殊疑问词强调的句式是“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子的其余部分(陈述语序)”。
What is it that Joe has found in the bathroom? 乔在浴室里发现的是什么?
高考试题赏析
I don’t mind her criticizing me, but ____ is how she does it that I object to.(2007 江西)
A. it B. that C. this D. which
赏析:本题考查强调句型。It is+被强调部分+that+其他,强调句可去掉it is与that还原句子。本句相当于…,but I object to how she does it。被强调部分是宾语从句,因此,用it引导该句式。答案:A
▲coincidence n.
(1)巧合,恰好相合的事(可数名词)
What a coincidence that I was in London just when you were.
真是巧合,你在伦敦时我也在。
(2)相符合,一致(不可数名词)
Is there any coincidence between his opinions and your own?
他的意见跟你的是不是一致?
[发散思维] coincident adj.同时发生或存在的,巧合的,一致的
5.I assumed her maid had taken Rachel’s garment with the paint stain, hidden it, and then secretly made a new one in her room during the night.我曾经假设过:雷切尔的女佣拿走了那件带有油漆污渍的衣服,把它藏了起来,然后当天晚上在她的房间里偷偷地做了一件新的。
▲assume vt.
(1)把……视为当然,以为,假定为……,想当然
When college students assume future employment, they often think of status, income and prestige.当大学生设想未来的职业时,他们经常想到的是地位、收入和名望。
——I assumed that he was dead.
我认为他死了。
——I assumed so, too. 我也这么认为。
(2)担任(职务、任务等),承担
He will assume the directorship of the project. 他将担任那项工程管理者的职位。
(3)假装,装作
Although she was ill, she assumed an air of cheerfulness. 虽然她生病了,她却装作快乐的样子。
[发散思维] (1) assumption n.假定,假设
(2) assuming表示“假如”,和if同义;assuming后面可以有that。
Assuming that his story is true, what should we do? 如果(假定)他的故事是真的,我们应该怎么办?
6.She admitted that she had hidden the evidence becauseshe loved him and wanted to keep him out of trouble. 她承认自己藏匿了证据,因为她爱他,不想使他有麻烦。
▲admit v.
(1)承认,供认
He admitted having done wrong.
他承认做错了事。
You must admit the task to be difficult.
你得承认这项工作是困难的。
It is generally admitted that which way you take is up to you.
一般认为走哪条路取决于自己。
注意:admit后接doing作宾语,意为“承认做了某事”。
(2)许可(人或物)进入;让……进入;允许行使……的权利、作用或特权。
The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.
仆人打开门,让我走进房子里。
Only one hundred boys are admitted to (into) the school every year.
该校每年只收100名男生。
Children are not admitted. 儿童免进。
(3)容纳(相当于hold)
The theatre admits only 200 persons.
这个戏院只能容纳200人。
[发散思维] admission n.承认,供认,允许进入,入学等许可
7.Franklin and Rachel were both delighted to discover that Franklin was innocent after all. 发现富兰克林最终是清白的,富兰克林和雷切尔都很高兴。
▲innocent adj.
(1)无罪的,清白的
an innocent man 一个清白的人
The defendant in a criminal case is innocent until proved guilty. 刑事案件中的被告,在罪证确凿之前是无罪的。
He is innocent of the crime. 他没有犯罪。
(2)无邪的,天真烂漫的
an innocent child一个天真烂漫的孩童
as innocent as a baby像婴儿般天真
[发散思维] innocence n.无辜
His friends proved his innocence.
他的朋友证明了他的清白。
Unit 14
8. Write an argumentative essay.
写一篇议论文
▲argumentative adj. 辩论的;争论的
[发散思维] argue vt. &vi.争论
(1)argue(+about/on/over)+n.就……辩论
We’ll argue about the government’s new economic policy with him.
我们将与他辩论政府的新经济政策。
(2)argue+that…主张……,认为……
She argued thatour attempt would be a waste of time.
她认为我们的尝试将是浪费时间。
(3)argue+for(against)+n.赞成(反对)……
He argued for (against) the Five-day Week.
他赞成(反对)一周上5天班。
(4)argue+sb.+into(out of) doing…说服某人做(停止做)……
I argued him into buying a new car.
我说服他去买一辆新汽车。
(5)argue against sb. on sth.
与某人争辩某事
[发散思维] argument n.争论;议论;论据argumentation n.论证,辩论 arguer n.争辩者
9.Match the words above with the humorous definitions below. 把上面的单词与下面幽默的定义相搭配。
▲match vi.&vt.
(1)match+n.与……相匹敌
No one can match her in knowledge of classical music. 在古典音乐的知识方面没人能和她相匹敌。
(2)与(某事物)相似、相配、相符合或相一致
Her clothes don’t match her age.
她的衣服与她的年龄不相配。
(3)match+n.+against(with)使……和……交手;和……比赛
He matched his shooting skill against the expert’s. 他和专家比赛射击技术。
辨析:match, suit与fit
(1)match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
(2)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等。
No dish suits all tastes. 众口难调。
(3)fit多指大小、形状合适,引申为“吻合”“协调”。
The new coat fits me well.
这件新外套我穿着大小正合适。
▲humorous adj. 幽默的;诙谐的
He is a humorous writer.
他是一位幽默的作家。
[发散思维] humor n. 幽默 humorously adv. 幽默地
He is a man of humor.
他是一位具有幽默感的人。
10.What is the problem with the animals at the zoo? 动物园里的动物怎么了?
▲What’s the problem with…?……怎么了?
[发散思维] What’s the matter with…?……怎么了?
What’s wrong with…?……怎么了?
There’s something(nothing) wrong(the matter) with… ……有点问题(没问题)。
What’s wrong(the matter) with her(her eyes)? 她(她的眼睛)怎么啦?
There’s nothing wrong(the matter) with the machine. 这台机器没毛病。
注意:the matter一般用于疑问句或否定句中,而不用于肯定句中。
11.Among the different kinds of bee, it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most because of the “language” they use to communicate with each other. 在各种不同种类的蜂中,蜜蜂因其在彼此之间进行沟通所用的“语言”而最使科学家们感兴趣。
▲从总体上看这个句子是“It is…that…”的强调句型,the “language”后面为定语从句。
▲强调句型的变化形式归纳:
(1)以一般疑问句的形式出现。
Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that yourself
比较下句:It was you that I saw last night at the concert.我们可以看出该题实际上是这个陈述句的一般疑问句形式。答案应为A。
(2)以特殊疑问句的形式出现。
____ is it ____ has made Peter ____ he is today?
A. What; that; that
B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that
D. What; that; what
本题结构复杂,请看解析:
It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.
对划线部分提问:
What is it that has made Peter what he is today?
显然,答案应为D。
(3)以名词性从句的形式出现。
I’ve already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary.
A. thatit was there
B. where was it that
C. that where it was
D. where it was that
本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现。为了更好地理解,我们可以理解为:
第一步:复原。
It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.
第二步:对划线部分进行提问。
Where was it that you put the dictionary?
第三步:变为陈述语序,将其用作宾语从句,即为该题。经过对比,答案应为D。
(4)与定语从句相结合。
It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Professor Harris ____ they did the experiment.
A. which; that B. that; what
C. whom; that D. which; where
the lab后跟that或which引导的定语从句,全句为强调句式。所以答案为A。
(5)与not…until句型相结合。
It was not until it got dark that I left.
原句为:I didn’t leave until it got dark.
[链接]相似句型:
(1)“It+be+adj./n./过去分词+that从句”句型。
该句型中的it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It is important that he should learn English well. 对他来说学好英语是重要的。
(2)“It+be+时间段+since…”句型表示“自从……已有多久了”。
It is two months since he fell ill.
自从他生病已经有两个月了。
It’s two years since he worked here.
他不在这里工作已两年了。
注意:since从句后面的动词如果是延续性动词,朝相反方向译。
(3)“It be…before…”句型表示“……(多久后)发生……,……(过多久)才……”。
It was a long time before they met again.
很长一段时间之后他们又见面了。
高考试题赏析
The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ____we meet them again.(2007 安徽)
A. after B. before C. since D. when
赏析:本题考查一组引导状语从句的连词的用法。“将经过很长一段时间我们才会再次相见”,此处连接词的本意为“在……之前”。答案:B
▲among prep. 在……之中,……中之一
Among flowers, the rose is considered queen. 玫瑰被认为是花中王后。
This mountain is among the highest in the world. 这座山是世界上最高的山之一。
12.Professor Karl von Frisch, a scientist from Austria, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives. 来自奥地利的科学家卡尔•冯•弗里希教授在一生中花费了许多年研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂房里令人吃惊的交流方法。
▲spend…(in) doing sth.花费(时间等)做某事
辨析:cost, spend, take与pay
(1)cost表示“花费(多少钱)”“需(多少钱)”“使……付出……的代价”,主语一般是表示所买东西的名词,不能是表示人的名词。cost是不规则动词,过去式和过去分词均为cost。
(2)spend money on和pay money for都可用来表示“花钱买东西”。
(3)take和spend在表示“花费(时间)”时所用的句型不同。take常用于It takes(sb.)+some time+to do sth.这一句型,it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语。spend常用于spend time(in)doing sth.或spend time on sth.这两种句型,主语是人,介词in后面是v.-ing的形式,in可省去。如:
The watch cost two hundred yuan.
那块表花了200元钱。
How much did the dictionary cost you?
你买那本词典花了多少钱?
The dictionary cost me twenty yuan.
=I spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.
=I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary.
=I bought the dictionary for twenty yuan.
=I bought the dictionary at the price of twenty yuan. 我花了20元钱买这本词典。
注意:cost的主语不同于spend, pay和buy的主语。
It will take you a long time to build a house. 建一座房子将花费你很长一段时间。
He often spends his spare time helping his father on the farm. 他经常利用业余时间在农场上帮他父亲干活。
You have to spend much more time on spoken English.
你们得在口语上花更多的时间。
▲honey-bees communicate in their dark hives是定语从句,修饰、限制先行词the amazing ways, 省略了关系代词that或in which。
13.He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside.
他建了一个透明的墙,透过它他能观察到里面发生的情况。
▲transparent adj.透明的;透光的
A type of plastic is as transparent as glass but stronger.
一种塑料,透明如玻璃却比玻璃坚固。
▲wall后面是“介词+which”引导的定语从句。
▲what went on“发生了什么事”,作observe的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中充当主语。
[链接]go on的其他用法:
(1)(向前)进行
We were all tired, so we couldn’t go on.
我们都筋疲力尽了,因此无法前进。
(2)继续(with+n.)
I couldn’t finish my homework, so I have to go on with it.
我没有完成家庭作业,所以还得继续做。
(3)go on doing继续做……
He went on working without taking a rest.
他一直工作,没停下来休息过。
(4)转换到(to+n.)
Time is short, so let’s go on to the next subject. 时间不多了,我们进入下一个主题吧。
(5)(事件等)发生
Do you know what’s going on here?
你知道这里发生什么事了吗?
(6)(时间)经过, 过去
As the days went on, it grew colder.
日子一天天过去,天气越来越冷。