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目的了解澳门本地居民和访澳人员的吸烟现况及影响因素。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法在澳门海关抽取出境的506名澳门居民和495名访澳人员进行吸烟、戒烟、澳门本地控烟情况及一般情况问卷调查。结果澳门居民与访澳人员吸烟率分别为14.4%(73/506)和17.8%(88/495);对香烟所导致疾病有正确认识者占49.3%(493/1 001);在澳门公共场所接触过二手烟的危害占83.9%(839/1 001);澳门居民和访澳人员近1年尝试过戒烟者分别占45.2%(33/73)和42.0%(37/88);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,澳门居民吸烟行为的保护因素是初中及以上文化程度(OR=0.745),危险因素是朋友吸烟(OR=17.104)、控烟态度差(OR=3.126)和男性(OR=5.420);访澳人员吸烟行为的保护因素是初中及以上文化程度(OR=0.788),危险因素是男性(OR=11.778)、控烟态度差(OR=2.678)和朋友吸烟(OR=2.847)。结论控烟态度差、男性和朋友吸烟是澳门居民和访澳人员共有的吸烟危险性因素,应加强对男性的控烟教育以减少吸烟率。
Objectives To understand the smoking status and influencing factors of Macao residents and Australian visitors. Methods Using a simple random sampling method, 506 Macao residents and 495 Macao residents drawn from the Macao Customs for smoking, smoking cessation, local tobacco control in Macao and general survey were conducted. Results The smoking prevalence rates among residents in Macao and those visiting Macao were 14.4% (73/506) and 17.8% (88/495) respectively, accounting for 49.3% (493/1 001) of the correctly diagnosed diseases caused by cigarettes. In the public places in Macau 83.9% (839/1 001) were exposed to exposure to secondhand smoke; 45.2% (33/73) and 42.0% (37/88) respectively experienced Macao residents and those who had tried to quit smoking in the past year; Multivariate logistic The results of regression analysis showed that the protective factors of smoking behavior among residents in Macao were middle school and above educational level (OR = 0.745), risk factors of friends smoking (OR = 17.104), poor attitude toward tobacco control (OR = 3.126) (OR = 0.788). The risk factors were male (OR = 11.778), poor attitude toward tobacco control (OR = 2.678) and smoking of friends (OR = 2.847). Conclusions The poor attitude towards tobacco control and the smoking of men and friends are the risk factors of smoking common to both Macao residents and Macao residents. Tobacco control education should be strengthened for men so as to reduce the smoking rate.