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大肠癌的早期诊断,既简单又复杂。简单到只要认真地进行肛门指诊,即可初步定出诊断;复杂时则尽管使用各种检查手段,也难免有漏诊或误诊病例发生。此病发病症状不十分典型。常可见到因误诊为慢性痢疾、溃疡性肠炎、痔等疾病而延误治疗。患者来院就诊时,病变已接近晚期或已属晚期。由此可见,大肠癌早期诊断的重要性。大肠癌的早期诊断与早期大肠癌(即粘膜或粘膜下癌)诊断是不同的概念。当然,在进行大肠癌的诊断时也必然会发现早期大肠癌。大肠癌的早期诊断,主要依靠综合性检查方法。本文结合我院截至1983年底所收治的431例大肠癌(结肠癌95例,直肠癌336例)及其中的19例早期癌,主要就早期诊断的几个问题进行讨论。
The early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is simple and complex. As long as the anal examination is carefully performed, the diagnosis can be tentatively determined; when it is complicated, despite the use of various examination methods, it is inevitable that there will be missed or misdiagnosed cases. The symptoms of this disease are not very typical. Frequently seen delays in treatment due to misdiagnosis as chronic dysentery, ulcerative colitis, sputum and other diseases. When the patient came to the hospital, the lesion was near or late. This shows that the importance of early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is different from the diagnosis of early colorectal cancer (ie mucosal or submucosal cancer). Of course, in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, early colorectal cancer is bound to be discovered. Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer mainly depends on comprehensive examination methods. This article discusses 431 cases of colorectal cancer (95 cases of colon cancer and 336 cases of rectal cancer) and 19 cases of early cancer treated in our hospital by the end of 1983.