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对强度等级为S355的方钢管的冷加工钢、热加工钢和热轧钢的物理性能、化学性能和力学性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,3种钢材均满足加工标准BS EN 10219-2∶2006和BS EN 10210-1∶2006的要求。虽然生产工艺不同,但3种钢材的化学成分相近,对于碳当量CE值,热加工钢最大,其次是热轧钢,冷加工钢最小。3种钢材的力学性能显著不同:冷加工钢的屈服强度最高,但塑性最差;热加工钢的屈服强度最低,但塑性最好;热轧钢介于二者之间。此外,冷加工钢的纵向残余应力最大,且在焊缝处波动明显,转角处不容忽视;而热加工钢的纵向残余应力最小,转角处不明显,大部分区域甚至受压;热轧钢的纵向残余应力分布与冷加工钢的相似,但应力值小很多。
The physical properties, chemical properties and mechanical properties of cold-worked steel, hot-worked steel and hot-rolled steel with square tube of strength grade S355 were compared. The results show that all three steels meet the requirements of the processing standards BS EN 10219-2: 2006 and BS EN 10210-1: 2006. Although the production process is different, but the three kinds of steel chemical composition similar to the CE value of carbon equivalent, hot-processed steel largest, followed by hot-rolled steel, cold-worked steel minimum. The mechanical properties of the three steels are significantly different: the yield strength of cold-worked steel is the highest, but the plasticity is the worst; the yield strength of hot-worked steel is the lowest, but the plasticity is the best; hot-rolled steel is in between. In addition, the longitudinal residual stress of the cold-worked steel is the largest and fluctuates obviously at the weld, which can not be neglected. However, the longitudinal residual stress of the hot-worked steel is the smallest, the corner is not obvious, and most of the area is even compressed. The distribution of residual stress is similar to that of cold-worked steel, but the stress is much smaller.