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近20余年,多数国家由于孕产妇死亡率的大幅度下降,产科工作的重点已由着重考虑产妇安全,转到母婴兼顾。除普遍开展了围产期保健外,也注意了避免分娩时的母婴损伤。70年代的中期,各医院的剖宫产率逐年上升,达到了原来各院的2～3倍或更多,大有成为解决一切产科困难的唯一手段之势。固然近时医学科学的突飞猛进,麻醉技术的日益完善,使剖宫产术的技术和安全性提高不少。事实也证明,由于剖宫产的恰当使用,围产儿发病率和死亡率明显降低。然而,随着剖宫产病例的增加,与此有关的问题亦日渐暴露,许多医院的回顾分析说明,剖宫产手术后的并发症比阴道分娩的多出2～5倍,有的达到总手术数的50%。当然其中大多数是轻度感染,但严重的并发症,如败血症和大出血,即使欧洲一些条件很好的国家也
In the past 20 years or so, due to the drastic drop in the maternal mortality rate in most countries, the focus of obstetric work has shifted from focusing on maternal safety to mother-child integration. In addition to universal perinatal care, care was also taken to avoid maternal and infant injury at childbirth. In the mid-1970s, the cesarean section rates of various hospitals rose year by year, reaching two to three times or more of those of the original hospitals, and the vast majority had become the only means to solve all obstructions in obstetrics. Although the recent rapid advances in medical science, anesthesia technology continues to improve, so that cesarean section technology and safety improved a lot. Facts have proved that, due to the proper use of cesarean section, the incidence of perinatal mortality and significantly reduced. However, with the increase of cesarean section cases, the related problems are also increasingly exposed. The retrospective analysis in many hospitals shows that the complications after cesarean section operation are 2 to 5 times more than vaginal delivery, and some reach the total 50% of the number of operations. Of course, most of them are mild infections, but serious complications such as sepsis and bleeding, even in some of the most well-established countries in Europe