原告适格理论是制约公益诉讼发展的瓶颈问题,由于诉讼法曾经有过的从属于实体法的地位,所以在相当长的时期里,实体法上的当事人才被作为诉讼当事人,传统的原告适格理论也就将诉讼原告界定为与争议有直接利害关系的人。但随着公益侵权案件的增多,传统原告适格理论日益凸显出对公共利益保护的无力,已经严重影响社会主义和谐社会的构建。于是,认为只有自己合法利益受到违法侵害的人才具有原告资格的“直接利害关系”原则,受到人们的质疑和挑战。本文在质疑传统原告适格理论的同时,在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,提出我国为保护公共利益应突破传统原告适格理论的羁绊。 As a bottleneck restricting the development of public interest litigation, the theory of plaintiff aptitude is the bottleneck that restricts the development of public interest litigation. Because the procedural law has been subordinated to substantive law, for a long period of time, litigants in substantive law are treated as litigants, The theory also defines litigation plaintiffs as those who have a direct interest in the dispute. However, with the increase of public infringement cases, the plaintiff’s theory of adaptability has increasingly highlighted the weakness of the protection of public interests and has seriously affected the construction of a harmonious socialist society. Therefore, the “direct interest” principle that only those who have their own legitimate interests infringed upon by the law has the qualification of plaintiff is challenged and challenged by people. On the basis of using the advanced experience of other countries for reference, this paper puts forward the fetters that our country should break the traditional theory of the plaintiff’s merits in order to protect the public interest while challenging the plain theory of the plaintiff’s qualification.