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应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对中国山西太岳山区秋季开花的25科74属88种(含2变种)植物的花粉形态进行了观察和研究,并对花粉形态进行了细致的描述。结果表明:花粉粒以近球形(56.8%)和椭球形(27.3%)为主,其它还有球形、扁球形。花粉粒中P/E值最大的为卷丹(Lilium lancifolium)和山西独活(Heracleum schansianum Fedde ex Wolff),均为1.89,最小的为高山露珠草(Circaea alpina L.)0.71;最大的花粉为卷丹117.5×62.3μm,最小的为穗花马先蒿(Pedicularis spicata Pall.)14.5×14.2μm。花粉萌发孔以3孔沟(35.2%)和3沟(26.1%)为主,还有少量的为3合沟、2合沟、散孔、3孔、6沟、单沟、3(-4)孔沟、4沟等类型。外壁纹饰以细网状(46.6%)、长刺状(17.0%)和颗粒状(13.6%)为主,其他还有粗网状、条纹-穿孔、棒状、微刺状、微刺-颗粒等。本研究还对同科不同属、同属不同种、同种不同地区的花粉形态进行了比较讨论,研究结果可为太岳山区化石花粉的准确鉴定提供鉴别指南和标准对照图谱。同时本文还探讨了该区植物花粉尤其是菊科3个主要花粉类型的古环境意义,为利用地层中相应化石花粉重建古气候、古环境提供现代孢粉学资料和依据。
Pollen morphology of 88 species (including 2 varieties) of 74 genera and 25 genera from 25 families and 25 families were observed and studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen morphology was described in detail. The results showed that pollen grains were mainly spherical (56.8%) and ellipsoidal (27.3%), others were spherical and oblate. The largest P / E value of pollen grains was Lilium lancifolium and Heracleum schansianum Fedde ex Wolff, both of which were 1.89 and the lowest was 0.71 of Circaea alpina L. The largest pollen was volume Dan 117.5 × 62.3μm, the smallest is Pedicularis spicata Pall. 14.5 × 14.2μm. Pollen germination was dominated by 3 wells (35.2%) and 3 wells (26.1%), with a small number of 3-well, 2-well, 3-well, 6-well, ) Hole ditch, 4 ditch and other types. The outer wall ornamentation is fine mesh (46.6%), long thorn (17.0%) and granular (13.6%), there are other coarse mesh, streaks - perforation, rod, spiny, spiny - particles . In this study, the pollen morphology of different genera, genera, species and regions of the same genus were also discussed. The results of the research can provide identification guidelines and standard control maps for the accurate identification of fossil pollen in Taiyue Mountain. At the same time, the paper also discussed the paleoenvironmental significance of plant pollen, especially Asteraceae, in three major pollen types in this area, and provided modern palynology data and basis for reconstructing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from the corresponding fossil pollens in the strata.