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目的了解深圳市公共场所服务人员现阶段的健康素养水平,为制定卫生政策和干预策略提供依据。方法按照多阶段随机抽样方法从全市各区抽取823人进行健康素养调查。结果公共场所服务人员总体具备健康素养的比例为9.8%,其中具备健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能素养的比例分别为28.4%、19.6%和26.2%。具备五类健康素养依次为安全与急救素养(58.6%)、基本医疗素养(38.2%)、传染病预防素养(22.4%),慢性病预防素养(23.0%),科学健康观(14.2%)。健康素养水平随年龄增高而增加;文化程度越高具备健康素养水平越高。多因素logistic分析显示性别(OR=2.12)、35~44岁(OR=4.58)、45~54岁(OR=4.39)、坪山区(OR=4.26)、户籍(OR=6.84)有统计学意义(P<0.05),是健康素养水平的影响因素。结论深圳公共场所服务人员健康水平不高,应侧重低年龄、低学历的公共场所服务人员的健康素养干预。
Objective To understand the current level of health literacy of service personnel in public places in Shenzhen and provide basis for formulating health policies and intervention strategies. Methods According to the multi-stage random sampling method, 823 people were taken from all districts in the city for health literacy survey. Results The proportion of public service staff in general health literacy was 9.8%. Among them, 28.4%, 19.6% and 26.2% had healthy knowledge and philosophy, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and healthy technical literacy respectively. There were five types of health literacy followed by safety and first aid literacy (58.6%), basic medical literacy (38.2%), infectious disease prevention literacy (22.4%), chronic disease prevention literacy (23.0%) and scientific health outlook (14.2%). The level of health literacy increases with age; the higher the level of education, the higher the level of health literacy. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that gender (OR = 2.12), 35-44 years old (OR = 4.58), 45-54 years old (OR = 4.39), Pingshan District (OR = 4.26) (P <0.05), which is the influencing factor of health literacy. Conclusion The health of public service personnel in Shenzhen is not high, and health literacy intervention should be focused on service personnel in public places with low age and low education level.