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分析了核电站用关键金属材料的损伤行为的研究现状,叙述了近期的主要进展:腐蚀电化学动力学、晶界上的优先氧化及由此导致的晶界强度降低、材料内部特殊晶界改善耐腐蚀性能、尖锐的应力腐蚀裂纹形状、纳米尺度原子团簇的形成及其对性能的影响等.在此基础上指出,在高温高压水中工作的核电站关键材料的环境损伤的研究趋势和主要问题包括:材料在高温高压水中的腐蚀电化学动力学,特别是杂质离子对腐蚀微观过程的影响;表面膜和材料表层在微纳米尺度上的微观结构、物理性质、力学性质、化学性质和表面膜的再钝化行为,特别是离子在表面膜和材料表层的传输过程;微纳米尺度上材料初始加工表层、水化学参数对应力腐蚀裂纹孕育的影响,以及穿晶应力腐蚀开裂的机理;材料微观损伤研究结果与工程应用的结合等.研究这些材料的环境行为需要精确控制研究状态和环境条件,因此,发展先进的的核电环境模拟技术和研究手段是获得核电站准确损伤行为的关键.
The current research status of the damage behavior of key metals used in nuclear power plants is analyzed. The recent major progress is described: corrosion electrochemical kinetics, preferential oxidation on the grain boundaries and consequent reduction of the grain boundary strength, improvement of the grain boundaries within the material Corrosion behavior, sharp shape of stress corrosion cracking, formation of nanoscale atomic clusters and its effect on performance, etc. On the basis of this, it is pointed out that the research trends and major problems of environmental damage of key materials in nuclear power plants working in high temperature and pressure water include: Electrochemical kinetics of corrosion of materials in high temperature and high pressure water, especially the effects of impurity ions on corrosion microscopic processes; the microstructure, physical properties, mechanical properties, chemical properties and surface film of the surface film and material surface at the micro and nano scale Passivation behavior, especially the transport of ions on the surface film and the surface of the material; the influence of the initial processing surface of the material on the micro-nano scale, the influence of chemical parameters of water on the stress corrosion cracking, and the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking; The combination of results with engineering applications, etc. The environmental behavior of these materials needs to be refined Control of state and environmental conditions, therefore, the development of advanced nuclear power technology and research tools simulate the environment is key to accurate damage behavior of nuclear power plants.