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英国作家詹姆斯·希尔顿的小说《消失的地平线》创造了西方文学中西藏最具影响力形象——“香格里拉”。作为乌托邦文学作品,该小说为人们描述了一个理想世界的生活图景。但通过文本细读可以发现,这个存在于东方的乌托邦实际上是西方白人的理想家园,有着强烈的“自我”批判意识。事实上,这种理想化的西藏形象是一种建构在西方想象之上的、与现实的西藏几无联系的乌托邦幻象。这种幻象在二十世纪英国的西藏书写中被不断地扩大和强化,成为制约西方人对现实西藏认知的重要障碍。
British novelist James Hilton’s novel The Vanished Horizon created the most influential image of Tibet in Western literature, Shangri-La. As a utopian literary piece, the novel depicts a picture of life in an ideal world. However, through the textual reading, we can see that this Utopia existing in the East is actually an ideal home for Western white people and has a strong sense of “self” criticism. In fact, this idealized image of Tibet is a utopian illusion constructed on the basis of Western imagination and unrelated to the reality of Tibet. This illusion has been continuously expanded and strengthened in the writing of the Tibetans in the 20th century in the United Kingdom and has become an important obstacle to the western perception of the reality of Tibet.