苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)上常见的内生真菌Acremonium coenophialum是一个引起肉牛和马饲喂苇状羊茅后生产性能降低的原因,绵羊蹒跚病这种神经系统疾病与多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)中的真菌A.lolii有关,用无内生真菌(E~-)的苇状羊茅和黑麦草品种更换侵染内生真菌(E~+)的牧地,虽能提高家畜的生产性能,但牧草产量和持久性却下降,这与虫害、病害、线虫对根的侵害以及干旱等一系列胁迫有关。据观察,内生真菌Acremonium能促进苇状羊茅中几丁质酶(一种与抗病性有关的酶)的产生。同时,E~+植物的抗线虫能力也可得到提高,这种抗性某种程度上是由根的内胚层增厚所致。在美国东部,干旱胁迫是引起E~-苇状羊茅植被损失的最主要原因,但与E~-苇状羊茅相比,E~+苇状羊茅对干旱胁迫表现出了几种形态学和生理学适应反应。干旱引起叶片卷曲、叶片衰老、气孔关闭和渗透调节均优于对照,还可通过增加如脱落酸等植物内源激素加以调节,受内生真菌侵染的苇状羊茅通过提高发芽、分蘖及每一分蘖的生物量,表现出较E~-植株更大的生产力和竞争力。分蘖产量的增加与内生真菌的侵染有关,可能是由于真菌分泌的吲哚乙酸所致。内生真菌Acremonium引起了寄主植物对非生物胁迫和生物胁迫敏感的一系列生理反应,从而提高了植 Acremonium coenophialum, a common endophytic fungus in Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Is a cause of reduced productivity in beef and horses fed Reed fescue. Sheep fallacies This neurological disease is associated with perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L.), the use of endophyte (E ~ +) -related fescue and ryegrass to replace the grazing of endophyte (E ~ +) pastures increased Livestock productivity, but pasture productivity and persistence, have declined, as a result of a series of stresses such as pests, diseases, nematode infestation on the roots, and droughts. It has been observed that the endophytic fungus Acremonium can promote the production of chitinase (an enzyme involved in disease resistance) in tall fescue. At the same time, the resistance to nematodes of E ~ + plants can also be improved, which is partly due to thickening of the endoderm of the root. In eastern United States, drought stress was the most important cause of vegetation loss in E. - fescue plants. However, E ~ + tall fescue showed several morphological changes under drought stress compared with E - Learning and physiology adapt to the reaction. Drought caused leaf curling, leaf senescence, stomatal closure and osmotic adjustment are better than the control, but also by increasing the endogenous hormones such as abscisic acid plant to be adjusted by the endophyte infection of fescue by fescue to improve germination, tillering and The biomass of each tiller showed greater productivity and competitiveness than the E ~ - plants. The increase of tillering yield is related to the infection of endophytic fungi, probably due to the indole acetic acid secreted by fungi. Endophytic Acremonium causes a series of physiological responses to host plants that are susceptible to abiotic stresses and biotic stresses,