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目的探讨大学新生高血压患病现状及BMI分布状况,为制定大学生防治高血压措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,对2013—2016年玉林师范学院共20 237名入学新生的血压和身高、体质量进行测定,并对高血压现状及BMI分布状况进行统计分析。结果 2014年、2015年和2016年大学新生高血压检出率分别比2013年增长0.4%、1.02%、0.91%。男生高血压总检出率高于女生(χ~2=226.00,P<0.01)。男女生高血压检出率均表现出随BMI增长而上升的趋势。低体质量组、正常组、体质量超标组和肥胖组男生的高血压检出率分别为1.28%、2.48%、6.66%、16.55%,质量超标组和肥胖组高血压检出率明显高于体质量正常组(χ~2=111.83,P<0.01);在BMI分组中,女生的高血压检出率分别是低体质量组为0.33%、正常组为0.49%、体质量超标组为2.32%、肥胖组为9.43%,体质量超标组和肥胖组高血压检出率高于正常体质量组(χ~2=180.46,P<0.01)。结论大学新生的高血压与BMI增高密切相关,可通过有针对性开展一、二级预防,控制大学生的体质量,降低BMI,减少高血压患病率。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and the distribution of BMI in college freshmen, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of measures to prevent and treat hypertension in college freshmen. Methods The cluster sampling method was used to measure the blood pressure, height and body mass of 20 237 freshmen from Yulin Teachers’ College in 2013-2016. The status of hypertension and the distribution of BMI were statistically analyzed. Results The prevalence of hypertension in freshmen in 2015, 2015 and 2016 increased by 0.4%, 1.02% and 0.91% respectively compared with that of 2013. The total prevalence of hypertension in boys was higher than that in girls (χ ~ 2 = 226.00, P <0.01). The prevalence of hypertension in boys and girls showed a tendency to increase with the increase of BMI. The detection rate of hypertension in low body weight group, normal group, body weight overweight group and obesity group were 1.28%, 2.48%, 6.66%, 16.55% respectively. The detection rate of hypertension was higher in overweight group and obesity group (Χ ~ 2 = 111.83, P <0.01). In the BMI group, the prevalence of high blood pressure in girls was 0.33% in the low body weight group, 0.49% in the normal group and 2.32 in the normal body weight group %, Obesity group was 9.43%. The detection rate of hypertension in overweight group and obesity group was higher than that of normal body weight group (χ ~ 2 = 180.46, P <0.01). Conclusion The freshmen with high blood pressure are closely related to the increase of BMI. Through primary and secondary prevention, we can control the body mass, reduce BMI and reduce the prevalence of hypertension in college freshmen.