目的:探索农村居民年度医疗费用特点及在不同特征人群中的分布。方法:用Excel函数处理麻城市2014年新型农村合作医疗门诊和住院数据库,整理出个人年度医疗服务利用信息。采用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数描述农村居民医疗费用的聚集性,并用描述性统计方法分析农村居民费用特点及分布情况,卡方检验比较费用在人群中分布的差异。结果:在总人群中占比前5%的高医疗费用人群耗用了68%医疗总费用,高费用人群人均年总费用为16 628元,低费用人群为108元;农村居民医疗费用的基尼系数为0.81;女性和45岁以上人群的高费用比例大于5%;乡镇卫生院服务能力较弱地区、平原地区及靠近省道地区的居民中高医疗费用人群比例较高,分别为6.40%,5.50%和5.80%。结论:农村居民医疗费用具有明显聚集性;不同费用等级人群间费用差别较大;老年人口、女性和基层薄弱地区居民更容易产生高医疗费用。 Objective: To explore the annual medical expenses characteristics of rural residents and their distribution in different characteristics of the population. Methods: Using Excel function to deal with the new rural cooperative medical clinic and hospitalization database of Ma City in 2014, sorting out the annual medical service utilization information. Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used to describe the aggregation of medical costs among rural residents. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics and distribution of rural residents’ expenses. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in distribution among the population. Results: The total medical costs of the top 5% of the total medical population were 68% of the total medical expenses, while the total annual per capita costs of the high-cost population was 16,628 yuan and the low-cost population was 108 yuan. The Gini of rural residents The coefficient was 0.81; the proportion of high-cost women and people over the age of 45 was more than 5%; the proportion of middle and high-level medical expenses among residents with poor service ability in township hospitals, plain areas and nearby provincial and provincial highways was 6.40% and 5.50 respectively % And 5.80%. Conclusion: The medical expenses of rural residents have obvious aggregation; the cost difference among different cost levels is quite large; the elderly, women and residents in the grass-roots areas are more likely to have higher medical expenses.